Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research, volume 36 issue 1 (march 2017) : 37-44

Microwave energy and its application in food industry: A reveiw

Adarsh M.Kalla*, Devaraju R.
1<p>Department of Dairy Engineering,&nbsp;Dairy Science College, Kalaburagi, KVAFSU, Bidar-585 401, Karnataka.</p>
Cite article:- M.Kalla* Adarsh, R. Devaraju (2017). Microwave energy and its application in food industry: A reveiw . Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research. 36(1): 37-44. doi: 10.18805/ajdfr.v0iOF.7303.

This paper reviews an overview of microwave heating as one method of thermal food processing. The higher standard of living and soaring income of consumers have lead for the demand for the modern food processing application. The technological revolution and nutritional awareness have increased the popularity of the microwave heating. Microwave heating is known for its operational safety and nutrient retention capacity with minimal loss of heat-labile nutrients such as vitamins B and C, dietary antioxidants, phenols and carotenoids. This review aims to provide a brief update of microwave heating and its application for food processing applications, with special emphasis on its impact on food quality in terms of microbial and nutritional value changes.


  1. Alajaji, S.A. and El-Adawy, T.A. (2006). Nutritional composition of chickpea (Cicerarietinum L.) as affected my microwave cooking and other traditional cooking methods. J Food Compos Anal 19: 806-812.

  2. Ahmed, J. and Ramaswamy,S.H. (2007).Microwave paeturization and sterilization of foods. In Handbook of Food Preservation, 2nd Ed, [Rahman, S.M. (Ed)], CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Newyork. 691-709. 

  3. Arab, E.A.A., Helmy, I.M.F. and Bareh, G.F. (2010). Nutritional Evaluation and Functional Properties of Chickpea (Cicerarietinum L.) Flour and the Improvement of Spaghetti Produced from its. J Am Sci, 66: 1055-1072.

  4. Archer, M., Edmonds, M. and George, M. (2008). Seafood Thawing. Research and Development Department. p.1-41.

  5. Broughton, W. (1974). Improvements in coking and processing. UK Patent 1,376,744. 

  6. Chamberlain, N. (1973). Microwave energy in baking of bread. Food Trade Review. 43: 8-12.

  7. Chang, K, Y., Steel, J.C. and Clerici, S.P.T.M. (2011). The Use of Microwave Radiation Energy to Process Cereal, Root and Tuber-based Products, Advances in Induction and Microwave Heating of Mineral and Organic Materials, [Prof. Stanisł Grundas (Ed.)], ISBN: 978-953-307-522-8, InTech.

  8. Chen. G., Wang. W. and Mujumdar. S. (2001). Theoretical study of microwave heating patterns on batch fluidized bed drying of porous material. Chemical Engineering Science 56: 6823–6835.

  9. Constable, R.J.W. (1979). Microwave Heating. UK Patent 1,538,851.

  10. Daniel, I.C., Wang, A.S. and goldblith. (1976). Dielectric properties of food. Technical report by Massachusetts Institute technology, Department of nutrition and food science, Cambridge, Massachusetts. P. 1-26. 

  11. Das, A.K., and Rajkumar, V. (2011). Effect of different fat level on microwave cooking properties of goat meat patties. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 50:1206-1211.

  12. Decareau, R. V. (1985), Microwaves in the Food Processing Industry. Orlando, Academic Press Inc.

  13. Drouzas, A.E. and Schubert, H. (1996). Microwave application in vacuum drying of fruits. Journal of Food Engineering, 28: 203-209.

  14. Fellows, J.P. (2000). Food processing Technology. Principles and Practices, chapter 10,2nd Ed, Wood Head publishing Limited, Cambridge England, p-234. 

  15. Fito, P., Chiralt, A. and Eugenia martin, M. (2005). Current state of microwave applications to food processing, In: Novel Food Processing Technologies (Ed by G.V. Barbosa-canovas, M.S. Tapia, M.P. Cano), Marecel Dekker, New York, CRC Pess, pp 525-537.

  16. Fox, M. and Dungan, A.L. (1969). The speed field feeding system. Technical report 70-11-GP. General Equipment and packaging Laboratory, U.S. Army Natick Laboratories, Natick, MA.

  17. George, M. (1997). Industrial microwave food processing. Food Review- cape town. 24:11-13.

  18. Guan, D., Gary, P., Kang, D.H., Tang, J., Shafer, B., Ito, K., Younce, F. and Yang, T.C.S. (2003). Microbiological validation of microwave-circulated water combination heating technology by inoculated pack studies. Journal of Food Science 68: 1428– 1432.

  19. Juliano, B.O. (1985). Production and utilization of rice. In Juliano BO (ed.) Rice chemistry and technology, (2ndedn.) St. Paul: American Association of Cereal Chemists 1-16.

  20. Kaasova, J., Kadlec, P., Bubnik, Z. and Pour, V. (2001). Microwave Treatment of Rice. Czech J. Food Sci., 19: 62-65

  21. Kassem, A.S., Shokr, A.Z., El-Mahdy, A.R., Aboukarima, A.M. and Hamed, E.Y. (2011). Comparison of drying characteristics of Thompson seedless grapes using combined microwave oven and hot air drying. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 10: 33-40.

  22. Lakshmi, S., Chakkaravarthi, A., Subramanian, R. and Singh, V. (2007). Energy consumption in microwave cooking of rice and its comparison with other domestic appliances. J Food Eng 78: 715-722.

  23. Lefeuvre, S. (1981). Bread making. UK Patent 1,583,182.

  24. Lopez-Fandino, R., Villamiel, M., Corzo, N. and Olano, A. (1996). Assessment of the thermal treatment of milk during continuous microwave and conventional heating. J Food Prot 59: 89–92.

  25. Maskan, M. (2000). Microwave/air and microwave finish drying of banana. J Food Eng 44: 71-78.

  26. Megahey, E.K., McMinn, W.A.M. and Magee, T.R.A. (2005) Experimental Study of Microwave Baking of Madeira Cake Batter. Food Bioprod Process 83: 277-287.

  27. Metaxas, A.C. (1996). Foundation of electro heat: A unified approach. Pub by John Wiely & Sons, New York, Chichester, pp. 500

  28. Microdry. (1998). Website: http//www.microdry.com/micro5.htm

  29. Mondal,A. and Datta, A.K. (2008). Bread baking - a review. J Food Eng 86: 465-474.

  30. Neas, D.E. and Collins, J.M. (1988). Microwave heating. In Therotical Concepts and Equipment Design. American Chemical Society. p 7-31

  31. Nikdel, S., Chen, C.S., Parish, M.E., Mackellar, D.G. and Friedrich, L.M. (1993). Pasteurization of citrus juice with microwave energy in a continuous-flow unit. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 2116- 2119. 

  32. Osinboyejo, M. A., Walker, L. T., Ogutu, S., and Verghese, M. (2003). Effects of microwave blanching vs.boiling water blanching on retention of selected water-soluble vitamins in turnip greens using HPLC. National Center for Home Food Preservation. Paper 92A-8. Presented at the Institute of Food Technologists Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, July 15, 2003

  33. Ovadia, D.Z. (1994). Microwave baking pan. US Patent 5,331,153.

  34. Ovadia, D.Z. and Walker, C.E. (1995). Microwave baking of bread. Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, 30: 81-89.

  35. Potter, N.N. and Hotchkiss, H.J. (1997). Food Science, Fifth edition, CBS Publication, New Delhi.

  36. Puligundla, P., Abdullah, A.S., Choi, W., Jun, S., Sang-Eun Oh and Ko, S. (2013). Potentials of Microwave Heating Technology for Select Food Processing Applications - a Brief Overview and Update. J Food Process Technol. 4: 1-9.

  37. Ramesh, M.N., Wolf, W., Tevini, D. and Bognár, A. (2002), Microwave Blanching of Vegetables. Journal of Food Science, 67: 390–398. 

  38. Ruiz-Ojeda, L. M., and Peñas, F. J. (2013). Comparison study of conventional hot-water and microwave blanching on quality of green bean. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 20: 191-197.

  39. Schiffmann, R.F. (2006). Microwave and dielectric heating. In handbook of industrial Drying. [Mujumdar, S.A. (Eds)]. Third edition, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Publishers, Oxon, UK, p. 687-709.

  40. Schiffmann, R.F., Mirman, A.H. and grillo, R.J. (1981). Microwave proofing and baking bread utilizing metal pans. US patent 4: 271,203.

  41. Schirack, M.A., Sanders, T.H. and Sandeep, K.P. (2007). Effect of processing parameters on the temperature and moisture content of microwave-blanched peanuts. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 30: 225-240.

  42. Scott jones. (2012). Adavantages of using microwave energy for process heating. Marion mixer, p 1-6.

  43. Shaheen, S.M., El-Massry,F.K., El-Ghorab, H.A. and Anjum, M.F. (2012). Microwave applications in thermal food processing. In: The Development and Application of Microwave Heating. [Wenbin Cao (ed.)], INTECH, Science technology and medicine Access Publisher. DOI: 10.5772/48716.

  44. Sieber, R., Eberhard, P. and Gallmann, P.U. (1996). Heat treatment of milk in domestic microwave ovens. Int. Dairy J. 6: 231–246.

  45. Smith, D.P. (1975). Cooking apparatus. US Patent 3: 884,213.

  46. Sumnu, G. and Sahin, S. (2005). Recent Developments in Microwave Heating. In emerging technologies for food processing. Chapter 16. Da wen-sun (Ed.), Elsevier Acedemic Press, California, USA. p.433.

  47. Sun, T., Tang, J.M. and Powers, J. (2007). Antioxidant activity and quality of asparagus affected by microwave-circulated water combination and conventional sterilization. Food Chemistry 100: 813–819.

  48. Tang, J., Liu, F., Patfiak K. and Eves, E.E. (2006). Apparatus and method for heating objects with microwaves. US Patent 7119313 B2.

  49. To, C.E., Mudgett, E.R., Wang, C.I.D., Goldblith, A.S. and Decareau, V.R. (1974). Dielectric properties of food materials. Journal of Microwave Power. 9: 303-315.

  50. Tong, C. H., Lentz, R. R., and Lund, D. B. (1993). A microwave oven with variable continuous power and a feedback temperature controller. Biotechnology Progress, 9: 488–496.

  51. Velupillai, L., Verma, L. R. and Tsangmuichung, M. (1989). Process for parboiling rice. United States Patent 4,810,511

  52. Villamiel, M., Corzo, N., Martinez-Castro, I. and Olano, A. (1996). Chemical changes during microwave treatment of milk. Food Chem. 56: 385–388.

  53. Zhang, M., Tang, J., Mujumdar, A.S., & Wang, S. (2006). Trends in microwave-related drying of fruits and vegetables. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 17: 524-534.

Editorial Board

View all (0)