<div>Background: French bean or kidney bean is a rich source of protein, fibers and minerals in diet and is used by poor people in several Asian countries as a cheap source of protein and mineral vegetable/seed grain. Thus, the study on micronutrient variations in French bean local genotypes was undertaken to screen for Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn content in comparison to developed varieties.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: Selected twenty local genotypes/accessions and four released varieties of French bean were grown in the field. The morphological characterization was carried out as per crop descriptors. The micronutrient analysis for Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu content was carried out using AAS. Further, accessions were screened using fourteen SSR markers linked to Fe and Zn content. 
 
Result: The results revealed that accession IC342273 exhibited significantly higher dry pod (58.94 g) and seed yield (809.74 g) per plot. The accession IC538420 (177.31 ppm) exhibited significantly higher mean Fe content and was on par with Arka Suvidha (176 ppm). Accession EC500226 showed significantly higher Zn (26.91 ppm), Mn (15.31 ppm) and Cu (8.55 ppm) content over other accessions and varieties. Among fourteen SSR primers amplified, two genomic SSR markers (BM154 and BM211) exhibited higher polymorphism among the accessions. The SSR markers classified the accessions and varieties into two clusters, which can be used in crop improvement programmes on French bean for micronutrients bio-fortification studies.</div>

<div>Screening of Bush Type French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Accessions for Micronutrient Variations and Characterization of Selected Genotypes using Micronutrient Content Linked Markers</div>

Micronutrients are essential for plant growth, but plants require relatively in smaller quantity. They include iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), boron (B), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo) chlorine (Cl). In oilseeds these micronutrients play a major role in translocation of photosynthates, increasing seed setting percentage, essential for translocation of sugar, germination of pollen grains, stigma receptivity, amino acid and protein synthesis which ultimately increase the productivity of oilseed crops. &nbsp;

Micronutrients and productivity of oilseed crops - A review

<div>Micronutrients play an important role in increasing yield of pulses and oilseed legumes through their effects on the plant itself and on the nitrogen fixing symbiotic process. Indian soils have become deficient not only in major plant nutrients like (NPK) but also scarce in some micronutrients like zinc, iron, molybdenum and boron. These situations suggest the need of application of micronutrients along with biofertilizers under intensive cultivation of legumes as it is directly involved in biological nitrogen fixation through nitrogenase enzyme activity. In the present research investigation, different micronutrients iron, molybdenum and their combination in the form of ferrous sulphate, ammonium molybdate and ferrous sulphate+ammonium molybdate @2.0, 2.0 and 2.5 kg/h are added into micronutrient deficient soil for plant growth promotion of mungbean under pot house condition. Among various treatments, ammonium molybdate application (@2.0kg/h along with rhizobial isolate HSR1 and PSB increases nodulation(28.6%), plant biomass (18.5%), seed yield (41%) as compared to sole application of biofertilizer.</div>

<div>Evaluation of combined effect of micronutrients and rhizobial inoculation on mungbean productivity</div>

<div>Background: Micronutrient formulation is a liquid mixture of micronutrients which can be used as a fertilizer. It is a mixture of two solutions viz., solution A and solution B. Solution A is a mixture of zinc sulphate (50 gL-1), boric acid (10 gL-1), copper sulphate (20 gL-1), manganous sulphate (0.5 gL-1), ferrous sulphate (10 gL-1) and ammonium molybdate (0.5 gL-1) whereas solution B is an organic acid which act as a chelate. The mixture can be diluted to specific concentrations for application. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of micronutrient formulation as seed treatment and foliar nutrition.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: The study was conducted at College of Agriculture, Padannakkad, Kerala Agricultural University and Regional Agricultural Research Station, Pilicode during 2018&ndash;19. The investigation was carried out in three parts: (i) standardization of micronutrient formulation for cowpea (ii) seed treatment study (iii) field experiment. The proportion of mixing micronutrient formulation and the duration for seed treatment was standardized in experiment I. In experiment II, a seed treatment study was carried out in a completely randomised design with seven treatments and three replications which included seed treatment with micronutrient formulation @ 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1, 1.5 and 2 percent as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 respectively. T7 (seed treatment with water) was the control. Three, a field experiment was carried out in randomized block design (factorial) with twelve treatments and three replications. The treatment consisting of combination of four levels of seed treatment - factor A [no seed treatment (S1), seed treatment with rhizobium (S2), seed treatment with best concentration from experiment 1 (S3) and second best seed treatment from experiment 1 (S4)]&nbsp;and three levels of foliar application of micronutrient - factor B [no foliar application (F1), one foliar application at 15 DAS (F2) and two foliar applications at 15 and 30 DAS (F3)]. 
 
Result: Through lab experiments, solution B was standardized and the formulation was developed by mixing solution A and solution B in the ratio 1:2. Duration for seed treatment was also standardized as 6 hours. Thus micronutrient formulation was standardized. In seed treatment study, seeds treated with 2% micronutrient formulation (T6) showed highest plant height at three leaf stage (24.23 cm) and seedling vigour index (2423). In the field experiment seed treatment with 2% micronutrient formulation (S3), foliar spray at 15 and 30 days after sowing (F3) and their interaction (S3F3) was found to be highly effective to the crop in terms of plant height, stem diameter, number of pods per plant, pod weight per plant, grain yield and nutrient content in grain. These results clearly indicate the role of micronutrient formulation in enhancing the growth, yield and nutrient content of cowpea.</div>

Evaluation of Micronutrient Mixture as Seed Treatment and Foliar Nutrition in Grain Cowpea

<div>Background: Agriculture plays a significant role in economic and social development in India. With the rapid development of Information and Communication Technologies, information and data can be effectively generated, stored and used by farmers to improve agricultural productivity. For this, smart farming technologies using mobile applications (apps) that help reduce costs, maximize yields and increase profits are being employed. Here, we present an overview of several mobile apps available for traceability in agricultural sectors, discuss their features, functions and how they are lacking in some domains. 
 
Methods: In this study during Aug 2019-Sep 2019, several online databases were used for the survey according to the guidelines for Transparent Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. 73 agriculture mobile apps were selected based upon the hits using keywords like &ldquo;mobile apps, agriculture mobile app, animal husbandry, etc. and with the inclusion criteria of a good review and proper up to date information. These apps were found to be used in different agriculture allied sectors in India. 
 
Result: Among these 73 mobile apps used by Indian farmers in various agricultural sectors viz. farm management, fisheries, poultry, livestock and animal husbandry, food traceability and pure agriculture sectors; the respective availability percentage of apps were 12, 14, 14, 23, 23 and 14%. These apps are discussed here in detail along with their gap analysis and a new traceability mechanism has been proposed as well.&nbsp;</div>

<div>Agricultural Mobile Apps used in India: Current Status and Gap Analysis</div>

<div>Background: Joint health is very vital in canines. Immediate attention and diagnosis will help to prevent suffering in canines. This study was designed to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of the poly-herbal formulation Mobility Plus&reg; for arthritis, inflammation and analgesic activities in canines. 
 
Methods: A total of 18 client-owned dogs with a history of joint inflammation, hip dysplasia and arthritis were selected (n = 18) and supplemented with one tablet of Mobility Plus&reg; daily until complete recovery. The changes in assessment parameters scores, viz. lameness score, joint mobility score, pain on palpation score, weight-bearing score and the overall clinical condition score were evaluated. The results revealed that lameness, joint mobility, pain and weight-bearing scores significantly (p&lt;0.001) decreased in dogs as early as day 15; hence, the overall clinical condition score also decreased significantly (p&lt;0.001) as early as day 15 after Mobility Plus&reg; supplementation. 
 
Result: Present study revealed that lameness, joint mobility, pain and weight-bearing scores significantly (p and lt; 0.001) decreased in dogs as early as day 15; hence, the overall clinical condition score also decreased significantly (p and lt; 0.001) as early as day 15 after Mobility Plus&reg; supplementation. Supplementation of Mobility Plus&reg; has antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory activities. Mobility Plus&reg; could be recommended for the amelioration of joint inflammation and osteoarthritis conditions in canines.</div>

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mobility Plus&reg; in the Management of Osteoarthritis and Joint Inflammation in Canines

<div>Background: Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp] is one of the primary grain legume crops grown in India for its high quality vegetable protein, animal feed and fodder. It is affected by various fungal and viral diseases. Among these, leaf blight caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the most destructive diseases and recently the disease of minor importance becomes major one in Tamil Nadu. Use of resistant cultivar is the most effective, economically viable and eco-friendly tool for combating the plant diseases. The micronutrients play a key role in many physiological and biochemical functions of the plants which influences plant pathogenic interaction. The micronutrients viz., Zn.Mn,Cu and Fe found to have greater impact on reducing the plant disease severity. Developing integrated disease management strategy involving disease resistant variety, micronutrient and fungicide application would be the best sustainable method for controlling the pigeonpea leaf blight. 
 
Methods: Twenty four pigeonpea genotypes along with two local varieties viz., CO5 and CO6 were evaluated in the field for their resistance against Alternaria alternata leaf blight disease, consecutively for three years from 2015-16 to 2017-18 using the disease resistance scale ranging from 0 to 9. Field experiments were also conducted for three consecutive Kharif season from 2015 to 2018 to evaluate the efficacy of the foliar application of different micronutrients and combination fungicide viz., carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% on the incidence of leaf blight disease.&nbsp; 
 
Result: A total of 24 pigeonpea genotypes were screened for their resistance against leaf blight under field condition. Among these, four genotypes viz., BDN2, IPA 8F, IPA 15F and MA6 were found resistance and nine genotypes were moderately resistant and remaining 11 genotypes showed susceptible reaction to leaf blight. The results of the field experiment on micronutrient and fungicide application revealed that foliar spraying of MnSO 4 @0.2% on 30 days after sowing and carbendazim 12%+ mancozeb 63%@ 1g / lit on 45 days after sowing recorded the lowest leaf blight incidence of 8.1 PDI (Per cent Disease Index) with the highest disease reduction of 76.9% as against 35 PDI in the untreated control plot. The above treatments also recorded the highest grain yield of 905 kg/ ha as against 703 kg/ in the untreated control.</div>

<div>Management of Alternaria Leaf Blight in Pigeonpea through Host Plant Resistance and Micronutrient Application</div>

Background: The article presents the results of field experiments on the use of micro fertilizers on sunflower. The object of the study was a hybrid of sunflower Fausto from the company &ldquo;Strube DandS GMBH&rdquo;. Field experiments were carried out with micro fertilizers of the German company &ldquo;Lebozol&rdquo;, the Russian &ldquo;Polydon Agro&rdquo; and the Lithuanian &ldquo;Acoustic Biotechnologies (brand Humic Land&rdquo;). 
 
Methods: Foliar application with micronutrients and their treatment of sunflower seeds and their combination were studied. As studies have shown, the variant with the use of micronutrients for seed dressing against the background of foliar application showed the greatest effectiveness. Foliar application without treating seeds with trace elements did not significantly increase the yield and oil yield. Also, the oil content of the seeds according to the variants in the years of research did not differ significantly. In general, the condition of sunflower plants during the years of research before harvesting was satisfactory. At the same time, it should be noted that in 2022 abnormal precipitation affected the quality of sunflower seeds. 
 
Result: The analysis of the obtained results indicates the need for further search for optimal ways of using micronutrients to increase the yield of sunflower and its quality. It should also be taken into account the fact that according to economic calculations, the costs of applying micro fertilizers during seed treatment will not exceed 10 rubles/ha and with &agrave;oliar application they will amount to 1300-2300 rubles/ha. accordingly.

Sunflower Yield Depending on the Application of Micronutrients

<div style="text-align: justify;">More than half of the world&rsquo;s population is affected by micronutrient malnutrition or deficiency and painstaking to be among the most serious global challenges to humankind. Modern plant breeding along with agronomic manipulation has been oriented toward achieving high agronomic yields than nutritional qualities. However, other efforts are expanding to alleviating the problems through industrial fortification or pharmaceutical supplementation which is very costly for the commoners. Micronutrient malnutrition or hidden hunger is very common among adolescent girls, women and preschool children caused mainly by low dietary intake of micronutrients, especially zinc and iron. Biofortification, the process of increasing the bioavailable concentrations of essential elements in edible portions of crop plants through agronomic intervention or genetic selection, may be the solution to malnutrition or deficiency mitigation. The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research has been investigating the genetic potential to improve bioavailability of Fe and Zn in staple food crops such as rice, wheat, maize, common beans, and cassava.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Biofortification: Golden way to save life from micronutrient deficiency&nbsp;</div>

<div>Background: The postpartum period is crucial in dairy cows and is marked by major physiological and metabolic changes that affect milk production, immune response and fertility. Nutrition remains the most important lever for limiting the negative energy balance and its consequences on general health status in highly selected dairy cows. Therefore, the present study is design to investigate the Therapeutic efficacy intrauterine turmeric extract and ceftiofur sodium alone and in combination with micronutrients supplementation in postpartum metritic crossbred cows. 
 
Methods: The present study was conducted on 24 crossbred cows with history of postpartum metritis randomly divided into four treatment groups: intrauterine turmeric extract (group I), intramuscular ceftiofur sodium (group II), intrauterine turmeric extract + micronutrient supplementation (group III) and intramuscular ceftiofur sodium + micronutrient supplementation (group IV).&nbsp; 
 
Result: The mean time interval required for resumption of cyclicity was highest in gp II followed by gp I, gp III and gp IV. The group turmeric extract + micronutrients supplementation and ceftiofur sodium + micronutrients supplementation group registered a considerable higher conception rate (66.66) followed by (50%) in turmeric extract and ceftiofur sodium group.</div>

​Comparative Studies on Therapeutic Efficacy Intrauterine Turmeric Extract and Ceftiofur Sodium Alone and in Combination with Micronutrients Supplementation in Postpartum Metritic Crossbred Cows