<div>Background: Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) also known as &lsquo;rape&rsquo; is bright yellow flowering member of family Brassicaceae, cultivated for its oil rich seed. It is third most important oilseed crop after soybean and oil palm. Despite an important oilseeds crop there is little advancement in suitable crop management strategies for improving crop productivity. The SRI has set of principles such as use of young seedlings, one seedling per hill, square planting, mechanical weeding, addition of organic matter. Recently the SRI is being successfully experimented in other crops such as wheat, maize, soybean, blackgram, kidney bean, potato in the name of System of Crop Intensification.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: This research experiment was carried out at the Student&rsquo;s Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsar during the rabi season of 2018-19. The Split plot design with three replications was carried under age of seedling in main plot treatments A1 [20 day seedling], A2 [30 day seedling] and A3 [40 day seedling] and four intra row spacing treatments in sub plots S1 [15cm], S2 [30 cm], S3 [45 cm] and S4 [60 cm].&nbsp; 
 
Result: Seed yield decreased progressively with increase in age of seedling. Wider spacing between plants (45 cm) observed high number of siliquae per plant than closer spacing (15 cm). Seed yield was significantly highest when crop was transplanted with 45 cm intra row spacing. The per cent increase in seed yield in different SMI (System of Mustard Intensification) spacing treatments over closer spacing S1 (15 cm) were 21.62, 6.36, 4.89, per cent in S3, S4 and S2 respectively.&nbsp;</div>

<div>Performance of Canola (Brassica napus L.) at Different Age of Seedling under System of Mustard Intensification</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">One ninety diverse wheat genotypes were evaluated for genetic varaibilty, heritability and genetic advance under norrmal and heat stress environment at the Research Farm of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut U. P. (India). The genotypes were grown in simple augmented block design and data were collected on fifteen morpho-agronomic characters. Analysis of observed data showed that the mean squares due to treatments for all the traits in both the environment were highly significant. GCV and PCV were highest for canopy temperature depression, grain weight/spike, biological yield/plant, grain yield/plant, tiller number./plant and lowest for days to anthesis. Heritability (bs) estimates were high for canopy temperature depression (CTD), followed by biological yield/plant, grain weight/ spike, grain number. /spike, 1000- grain weight, grain yield/plant, tiller number./plant and lowest for days to heading and &nbsp;days to anthesis in case of both environments. The estimates of genetic advance (GA) were highest for canopy temperature depression followed by grain weight/spike, biological yield/plant, grain yield/spike, tiller number./plant, grain number./spike and lowest for days to heading and days to anthesis under both ( numberrmal and heat stress) environment. This study suggests that the presence of adequate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for these traits under norrmal and heat stress environment is suitable for breeding programs and crop improvement.</div>

Assessment of genetic variability, heritability and genetics advance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under normal and heat stress condition

The study was conducted at 6 tehsils (Newai, Tonk, Uniara, Todarai singh, Deoli and Malpura) of Tonk district of Rajasthan. One thousand and two hundred chicks of six weeks age were purchased from Maharana Pratap University, Udaipur, Rajasthan. Two groups of ten farmers each were sekected from each tehsil. 10 chicks were provided to each farmer which was broiler and layer mixed. The average increased weight of broiler was 3.66&plusmn;19.34 kg under Akodia village group and 3.94&plusmn;19.34 kg was under Talibpura village group. Akodia village group was slowly gaining weight compare than Talibpura village group because they were providing vermin waste which contained more amounts of proteins. The findings of Harnoda village group in I, II, II, IV, V and VI month was found to be 480&plusmn;22g, 480&plusmn;14g, 640&plusmn;09g, 710&plusmn;22g, 720&plusmn;20g and 730&plusmn;21g fed crop waste to the poultry chicks and other essential contents of diet were similar with other groups. In case of meat it was slowly growing compare than Fuleta village group because Fuleta village group was providing Fish waste which contained more amounts of vitamins and minerals. Harnoda village group reported the number of egg was 06&plusmn;01, 07&plusmn;02, 09&plusmn;01, 10&plusmn;02, 09&plusmn;01 and 09&plusmn;02 respectively in six months with an average of 8.33&plusmn;02. The performance of Harnoda village group was better than Akodia and Fuleta village group but poor in comparison with Talibpura, Panwar and Barbas village group because of difference in feeding, locally available sources of feed and water quality. Talibpura village group reported that the number of egg was 08&plusmn;02, 10&plusmn;02, 11&plusmn;01, 11&plusmn;02, 10&plusmn;02, 11&plusmn;02 and 11&plusmn;03 respectively in six months with an average of 10&plusmn;02. It was best performance of this study due to improved feeding, water quality and managmental factors. Environmental factors may affect the production of broiler and layers. 
&nbsp;

Utilisation of agricultural wastes in participatory poultry farming with&nbsp;women under climatic conditions of Tonk district of Rajasthan&nbsp;

<div>Background: Potato (Solanum tuberosum) popularly known as &lsquo;The King of Vegetables&rsquo;, has emerged as fourth most important food crop in the world after rice, wheat and maize. Indian vegetables basket is incomplete without potato as its, dry matter, edible energy and edible protein makes it nutritionally superior as well as staple food throughout the world. 
 
Methods: The experiment during 2016-2018 was laid out in factorial randomized complete block design with three replications to study the effect of bed size on the yield and size of the tuber under different irrigation methods.&nbsp; 
 
Result: Maximum yield was obtained in 60cm bed (narrow bed size) whereas in irrigation system drip produced maximum yield. All quality parameters did not influence due to sowing method and irrigation system but chip recovery was more in drip irrigation than furrow system. Maximum yield through interaction was found in drip irrigated 105 cm triple row bed. Around 45-50 per cent water was saved through drip irrigation as compared to furrow irrigation. However, maximum benefit cost ratio was obtained in furrow irrigated 60cm bed size.</div>

<div>Influence of Bed Size and Irrigation Methods on Potato (Solanum tuberosum)</div>

To increase the area, production and productivity of sugarcane and legumes/oilseeds for increasing the profit of the farmers&rsquo;, field experiments were conducted at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Karnal during 2005-06 and 2006-07 followed by demonstrations on intercropping of legumes/oilseed with sugarcane at farmers&rsquo; field in Kaithal district during 2009-10 and 2010-11. Cane yield did not reduce significantly due to intercropping except raya during 2005 -06. The percent incidence of pink borer, shoot borer, top borer and root borer remained below economical threshold level (ETL). In all intercropping systems, total land equivalent ratio (LERt) was greater than unity, indicated yield advantage for the intercropped plots. Land equivalent coefficient (LEC) followed the same pattern as LERt. Total area time equivalent ratio (ATERt) values showed an advantage (22-28 %) with all intercropping systems than sole cropping with maximum advantage from sugarcane + chickpea. Sugarcane was more competitive than pea and lentil intercrops, whereas, raya and chickpea were more competitive than sugarcane. Higher competitive ratio values for the intercrops (CRi) indicated that all the intercrops were more competitive than sugarcane. Total values of actual yield loss (AYL) showed an advantage of 22-38% from intercropping compared to sole cropping. Highest monetary advantage index (MAI) value was obtained from sugarcane + pea intercropping system (75779). However, the minimum MAI was obtained from sugarcane + lentil intercropping system (62382). &nbsp;Demonstrations on intercropping at farmers&rsquo; field also resulted in higher gross returns, returns over variable cost and benefit: cost ratio.&nbsp;

Mechanized and profitable intercropping of legumes&nbsp;in autumn planted sugarcane

<div>Background: Punjab (India) an agricultural state with twelve major crops sown round the year, produces 14.53 MT as crop residue. This huge quantity of crop residue poses a serious problem of stubble burning in the fields, leading to an alarming level of air pollution across the state, along with a potential loss of fuel usable for power generation. About 1000 MW of electricity can be generated from this crop residue by the proper utilization (Singh et al., 2015).&nbsp; 
 
Methods: Characteristics of various crop residues were evaluated experimentally and further investigations have been carried out to study the performance of producer gas derived from mustard stalk using a downdraft gasifier in combination with diesel oil in dual fuel diesel engine, where effect of various input parameters such as type of fuel, equivalence ratio and load on engine were studied on emission component SO2. Results were modeled and optimized through central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) using design of experiments technique to determine the most desirable mode of utilization.&nbsp; 
 
Result: It has been found that&nbsp; fixed carbon (40.55%), sulphur (0.367%), moisture contents (6.88%) and nitrogen contents (1.314%) in mustard stalk is almost same as in coal, where as hydrogen (6.124%), oxygen (43.965%), volatile matter (68.93%), gross calorific values (3933 kcal/kg) of mustard stalk are more and ash content (6.65%) is less as compared to corresponding values for coal. In all the three modes of operations, SO2 increases with increase in load on the engine. ER has no effect in diesel alone mode but in dual modes with increase in ER further increases SO2 as high temperature producer gas and air along with sulphur enters the engine which further increases the value of SO2.</div>

​Mathematical Modeling and Optimization for Emission Parameter SO﻿2 of Dual Fuel CI Engine using Mustard Stalk

<div>Potassium is one of the main nutrients required for plant growth and development. Potassium is useful in agricultural for better plant growth and disease resistance. Potassium deficiency in plants is identified through poorly developed roots, slow growth and higher disease attack, delayed maturity and ultimately lower crop yields. Continuous use of chemical fertilizers makes the soil devoid of organic potassium in the soil. Under such conditions, the application of biofertilizers can be the best approach to increase the solubility of soil potassium. The potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) were derived from diffuse potassium, silicon and aluminum from K-insoluble aluminosilicate minerals, such as orthoclase, micas, illite and biotite. KSB plays an important role in increasing nutrient availability in the soil by increasing the soluble form of potassium.</div>

Revitalization of Potassium Solubilizing Microbes in Food Production System: An Overview

<div>Background: Standard estrus synchronization regimens resulted in variable outcomes in buffaloes. The present study evaluated ovarian and fertility responses following presynchronization in Heatsynch protocol administered in postpartum buffaloes.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: In group-I (Presynch-Heatsynch group, n=30), PGF2&alpha; was administered on days -14 and -2. Then, GnRH analogue, PGF2&alpha; (Cloprostenol) and Estradiol benzoate were administered on day 0, 7 and 8, respectively followed by fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) 48 hours later. In group-II (Heatsynch group, n=30), rest protocol was same, except that first two PGF2&alpha; injections were not administered.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The progesterone concentrations differed (P&lt;0.01) between the two groups on days -2, 0 and 7. Post-treatment, progesterone profiles were also higher in pregnant compared to non-pregnant buffaloes in both the groups except on day 10. CL diameter differed (P&lt;0.01) between groups on days -2, 0 and 7. It was larger in pregnant than non-pregnant buffaloes on day 7 in both the groups. Dominant follicle diameter remained larger on days -2, 0 and 8 in group-I than -II. Buffaloes getting pregnant had a larger (P&lt;0.01) dominant follicle size on the day of FTAI in group-I than of group-II. Ovulatory response of 93.33 and 90.00% was observed in group-I and II. The conception rate was higher (66.66 vs. 40.00%; P&lt;0.05) in group-I than Group-II. Presynchronization improved reproductive efficiency in Heatsynch treatment and may aid for better fertility in buffaloes.</div>

<div>Presynch-Heatsynch: A New Approach to Improve Ovarian and Fertility Responses in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)</div>

<div>Background: Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) is an important pulse crop occupying a unique position in Indian agriculture and it stands fourth in area and production among the pulses. The popularity of this pulse is due to its nutritional and industrial values. Blackgram crop is attacked by a number of insect pests from sowing to harvest in the field as well as in storage condition. Among these insects-pests pod borers i.e. spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Geyer) and gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) are serious insect-pests of black gram causing seed and pod damage. Therefore, keeping these views in mind, the present study was conducted. 
 
Methods: Present investigations were carried out during Kharif season of 2018 and 2019 to identify the resistant cultivars that are less susceptible to spotted pod borer and gram pod borer in black gram. 
 
Result: Fifteen black gram genotypes were screened against pod borers i.e. M. vitrata and H. armigera. When the data of both years were pooled, the two genotypes viz., KU-99-05 and Azad Urd-1 were found with minimum pod infestation of 7.67 and 9.67 per cent, respectively and categorized as resistant (R) against M. vitrata. The four genotypes KU-99-05, Azad Urd-1, Shekhar-2 and PU-6 were classified as resistant (R) against H. armigera with minimum pod infestation of 5.83, 6.17, 8.50 and 9.83 per cent, respectively during both the consecutive seasons (Kharif, 2018 and 2019).</div>

​Screening of Black Gram Genotypes against Major Pod Borers

<div style="text-align: justify;">The present research was conducted to study the growth performance of 906 Pantja kids of 514 goats sired by 26 bucks maintained by registered farmers under All India Co-ordinated Research Project on goats (Pantja field Unit) running in College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) during 2015-16. The overall least-square means for body weight at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age were found to be 1.89&plusmn;0.02, 9.49&plusmn;0.20, 13.09&plusmn;0.18, 16.38&plusmn;0.19 and 18.84&plusmn;0.22 kg, respectively. The random effect of sire was highly significant (P&lt;0.01) on body weight at birth, 3, 6 and 9 months of age whereas, this effect was found to be significant (P&lt;0.05) on 12 months body weight. The cluster had a highly significant (P&lt; 0.01) effect on birth, 3, 6 and 12 months body weights.Type of birth and sex of kid was found to be highly significant on birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months body weights. The heritability estimates were 0.25&plusmn;0.09, 0.38&plusmn;0.12, 0.30&plusmn;0.11, 0.29&plusmn;0.08 and 0.43&plusmn;0.13 for body weight at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age, respectively. The genetic and phenotypic correlations of body weight to body weight at subsequent ages were observed to be high and positive.</div>

Performance of Canola (Brassica napus L.) at Different Age of Seedling under System of Mustard Intensification

Assessment of genetic variability, heritability and genetics advance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under normal and heat stress condition

Utilisation of agricultural wastes in participatory poultry farming with women under climatic conditions of Tonk district of Rajasthan

Influence of Bed Size and Irrigation Methods on Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Mechanized and profitable intercropping of legumes in autumn planted sugarcane

Mathematical Modeling and Optimization for Emission Parameter SO₂ of Dual Fuel CI Engine using Mustard Stalk

Revitalization of Potassium Solubilizing Microbes in Food Production System: An Overview

Presynch-Heatsynch: A New Approach to Improve Ovarian and Fertility Responses in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Screening of Black Gram Genotypes against Major Pod Borers

Growth performance of Pantja goats under field conditions in their home tract