<p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Background:</strong> There is a great need for creative solutions, especially those that reduce poverty and help many people. Since the advent of the internet in everyone&rsquo;s daily lives, marketing has grown more adaptable in this digital age. This research paper aims to determine how farmers and consumers react to the global digital transformation of agriculture and to research consumers&rsquo; behaviour in using digital platforms for purchasing products.<br />
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<strong>Methods:</strong> Secondary data used in this study was collected from statistical handbooks and 110 farmers were surveyed <em>via </em>a simple random sampling technique to collect primary data through questionnaires. Random questionnaire survey was carried out in the southern region of Tamil Nadu to analyse consumer perceptions of digital transformation.<br />
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<strong>Result:</strong> The survey showed that middle-class farmers abandoned farming in favour of other ventures; as a result, they used considerably fewer mobile apps than farm labourers did. In terms of employment, livelihoods and environmental impact, agri-food systems are the largest economic sector in the world. The results of the study showed that willingness to adopt digital marketing was influenced positively by gender, income, education and occupation.</p>


<p>Digital Marketing for Global Agricultural Produce: Success in the Digital Era</p>


<div style="text-align:justify"><strong>Background:</strong> Digit lengths are dimorphic in some other creatures as in humans. In particular, gender analysis can be done using the ratio between the second finger (D2) and the fourth finger (D4). The aim of this study is to examine whether the ratio of foot fingers is related to gender in Japanese quail (<em>Coturnix coturnix japonica</em>).<br />
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<strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, 60 adults (30 female and 30 male) Japanese quail foot digit length ratios were examined in relation to gender. The ratios of the lengths of the second finger (D2), the third finger (D3) and the fourth finger (D4) to each other were taken on the computer.&nbsp;<br />
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<strong>Result:</strong> In addition, geometrical analysis of base posture positions between female and male individuals were made and shape differences were revealed. It was observed that the second finger (D2) of male birds was more introverted than in females. It was seen that Principal component analysis (PCA1) explained 53.07% of the total variation between female and male groups. PCA2 explained 17.6% of the total variation and PCA3 announced 11.83%. In statistical morphometric analysis, the difference in shape between the male and female was statistically insignificant. D2:D3, D2:D4 and D3:D4 ratios were higher in males. It was observed that the lateral angle in both genders was higher than medial angle. This difference was statistically significant (p &lt;0.001). While the average of the lateral angle was 50.89% in all individuals, the average of the medial angle was 42.81%. The highest length in all individuals belonged to the third finger. It was observed that the ratio of D2:D4 among females used in the study was 0.867 in females and 0.877 in males.</div>


<div style="text-align:justify">Digits Angle and Digits Length Ratio in Japanese Quail (<em>Coturnix coturnix Japonica</em>)</div>


<p style="text-align:justify">The objective of the present study was to find the comparative efficacy of three extenders to preserve semen of Labrador-Retriever (LR) dogs at 5o C for a short term.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; The semen samples of LR dogs were collected by digital manipulation method and extended at the rate of 1:4 in Tris-Egg Yolk- Citric Acid-Glucose (TEYCAG), Tris-Egg Yolk- Citric Acid-Fructose (TEYCAF) and Egg Yolk-Citrate-Glycine-Glucose (EYCGG) extenders by split sample technique. &nbsp;Semen was evaluated at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours of preservation. Mean motile, live and HOST-reacted sperm and acrosomal, head, mid piece and tail abnormalities of spermatozoa varied significantly (P&lt;0.01) between extenders and between preservation periods. The interactions between extender and preservation period were also significant (P&lt;0.01) except for HOST-reacted and head abnormalities of sperm. &nbsp;The highest mean motile, live and HOST-reacted sperm were recorded in TEYCAG extender which did not differ significantly from that of TEYCAF extender. &nbsp;Mean per cent sperm acrosomal and tail abnormalities were significantly (P&lt;0.05) lower, and the incidences of mean sperm head and mid piece abnormalities were also lower in TEYCAG, but not significantly from that in TEYCAF irrespective of hour of preservation. Per cent motile, live and HOST-reacted sperm were significantly (P&lt;0.05) lower and sperm acrosomal, head, mid piece and tail abnormalities were significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher in EYCGG as compared to that in TEYCAG and TEYCAF irrespective of hour of preservation. It was concluded that the semen of LR dog sustained good quality during preservation up to 5 days at 5oC suitable for successful artificial insemination and would be preserved better in TEYCAG and TEYCAF extenders than in EYCGG extender, since more than 50 per cent sperm motility and live sperm were maintained up to 120 hours of preservation in the former two extenders.</p>


<p>Quality of Labrador- Retriever dog semen on short-term preservation in different extenders&nbsp;</p>


<div style="text-align: justify;">Digital marketing encompasses all marketing efforts that use an electronic device or the internet. The use of electronic media by the marketers to promote their products or services into the market. The main aim of digital marketing is to attract consumers with various brands through use of technology on internet. Digital marketing is often referred to as &lsquo;online marketing&rsquo;, &lsquo;internet marketing&rsquo; or &lsquo;web marketing&rsquo;. The term digital marketing has grown in popularity over time, particularly in certain countries. Digital Marketing has become more famous after involvement of latest technologies in businesses. It has completely changed the old marketing methods and compelled marketers to stay connected with their buyers or customers via internet for selling their products and services. There has been an immense growth in the digital marketing India. It is spread across all the business sectors starting from shopping, online transaction, bank payments, e-commerce, online tracking etc. The means of communication has become very easy and fast. In a country like India, the economy is huge&nbsp;and increasing rapidly. The usage of the digital platform is also increasing similarly. In the year 1996, the business to business marketing was established in India. The spending for digital marketing in the year 2013 was $0.57 Billion. &nbsp;This figure is expected to increase up to $2.17 Billion in the year 2019.&nbsp;<br />The paper starts with reviewing historical background to utilization of online marketing; different kinds of internet marketing, then, will be shed light upon the digital marketing importance, scopes in future, opportunities and challenges, such as problems of security, privacy, etc, emerged in the field of marketing from implementation of virtual space produces.&nbsp;</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Digital marketing scenario in India</div>

<p style="text-align: justify;">The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different extenders viz. Tris citric acid fructose egg yolk (TCFEY), Tris citric acid glucose egg yolk (TCGEY), Egg yolk citrate fructose (EYCF) and Egg yolk citrate glucose (EYCG) on the quality of ram spermatozoa during preservation at 4&deg;C. Semen samples showing more than 3+ mass motility and 70% progressive motility were pooled and subsequently divided into four aliquots. Each aliquot was extended separately in four different extenders viz. TCFEY, TCGEY, EYCF and EYCG and stored at 4&deg;C up to 72h. The quality of spermatozoa on the basis of percentage of sperm motility, live sperm, morphological abnormalities, intact acrosome and hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) reacted spermatozoa was evaluated immediately after extension in particular extenders (0 h), 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after preservation at 4&deg;C. The percent sperm motility was significantly (P&lt;0.01) higher for TCFEY and TCGEY than EYCF and EYCG at 72 h of preservation at 4&deg;C. The percent HOST reacted spermatozoa and intact acrosomes were significantly (P&lt;0.01) higher and morphological abnormalities were significantly (P&lt;0.01) lower for Tris based fructose extender than other three extenders at 72 h at 4&deg;C. In conclusion, Tris citric acid fructose egg yolk (TCFEY) was found the best in maintaining the quality of ejaculated ram spermatozoa during preservation for 72 h at 4&deg;C. &nbsp;</p>


<p>Effect of different extenders for preservation of ram semen at 4&deg;C</p>


<div style="text-align:justify"><strong>Background:</strong> The curd curry commonly known as kalan in Kerala and Gulab Jamun has been chosen in the present work which is relevant in accordance with its usage with common man. Kalan possesses a normal shelf of two days at normal temperature and room conditions. The present work attempted to preserve the product for two weeks or more at room temperature by applying canning technique. The shelf life of Kalan was proved to be enhanced to two more weeks with proper canning. Kalan is prepared in the laboratory and was packed in sterile bottles which were then sterilized by dipping in sterile hot water for thirty minutes. This process impairs the product sufficient sterility to enhance the preserving quality considerably. The product has been found unchanged in its flavor and taste after the expected expiry period. In the preparation of Gulab jamun,drying and frying strategies facilitates the removal of most of the contaminants and hence the product presented as sterile. The sugar syrup provides further preservation. This technique for preservation can thus become effective. The work presented an attempt that has been made to study the effect of processing / preservation technique.<br /><strong>Methods: </strong>Canning technique was applied as a preservation strategy to the product kalan and addition of sugar syrup presented to be the preservation technique for gulab jamun. Both were considered as the natural way of preservation rather than utilizing any artificial strategies or additions. The shelf life of the same was studied in detail under physiological, biochemical and microbiological parameters.<br /><strong>Result: </strong>The two food preservation techniques studied in this project are proved to impart better shelf life to the particular type of dairy based products without the addition of any preservative chemicals.</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">Physicochemical and Microbiological Examination of Food Preservation Strategies of Indian Dishes Kalan and Gulab Jamun</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">The objectives of this study were to compare conventional preservatives used in milk analysis, including potassium dichromate and bronopol with a non-toxic and biodegradable preservative such as methylene blue, to verify their effectiveness and limitations of use. This was achieved by comparing their effects on raw milk composition at different storage temperatures. The best performing preservative doses were 0.1, 0.036 and 0.01% for potassium dichromate, bronopol, and methylene blue respectively. Raw milk composition was significantly affected (p &lt; 0.05) during the storage period at 25&deg;C for all tested preservatives. However, at 4&deg;C, potassium dichromate and bronopol preservatives maintained stable milk composition during 10 days of storage, whereas methylene blue maintained stable milk composition for three days. Methylene blue can be considered as an environmentally friendly and safe alternative for short-term preservation of refrigerated raw milk samples.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Comparative Study Between Conventional Preservatives and Methylene Blue on Chemical and Bacteriological Composition of Raw Milk</div>

<div><strong>Background:</strong> Artificial insemination (AI), among all the fundamental systems of animal breeding, has proved to be the best and efficient method for the rapid improvement of livestock for maximum use of superior genetic merit of males on numerous dams. The frozen AI in sheep is, to date, not fulfilling the farmer&rsquo;s need. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the pregnancy rate in indigenous ewes with chilled semen preserved at different hours.&nbsp;<br />
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<strong>Methods:</strong> Semen was collected from three indigenous rams using an artificial vagina and evaluated for its quality both in the fresh and chilled stage at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h before insemination. Trans-cervical insemination was performed in PGF2&alpha; synchronized ewes. Pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasonography at 50-60 days of gestation.&nbsp;<br />
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<strong>Result:</strong> The motility, viability and normal sperm values of chilled semen decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.01) with increasing the duration of preservation. However, the quality of chilled semen was acceptable level for insemination. The pregnancy rate was significantly varied (p &lt; 0.01) and the higher pregnancy rate (64.28%) was achieved when AI was performed using semen stored at 4<sup>o</sup>C for 12 h than 24 h (58.33%) and 48 h (50%), respectively. Therefore, increased the duration of preservation time of different chilling process negatively affect the semen quality and the pregnancy rates.</div>


<div>Effect of Different Preservation Time of Chilled Semen on the Fertility of Field Indigenous Ewes</div>


<p><strong>Background: </strong>Digital marketing is rapidly growing in India, driven by its large population of mobile users and social media enthusiasts. Indian businesses view digital marketing as an essential technique for their success. However, farmers in Haryana, like many other states across the country, are not fully utilizing its potential to market their products beyond their local regions. This underutilization can be attributed to a lack of knowledge and awareness about digital marketing within the farming community.<br />
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<strong>Methods:</strong> The present study was conducted in four blocks of Kaithal and Kurukshetra districts of Haryana state. A total of eight villages were selected randomly from the four blocks. For respondent selection, 10 progressive farmers and agripreneurs from each village were selected randomly. Thus, in total, 80 farmers were included in the sample of the study. To measure the knowledge level of farmers about digital marketing, the knowledge index was calculated.<br />
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<strong>Result: </strong>The study found that farmers in Haryana have limited knowledge of digital marketing, especially regarding platforms like E-NAM, marketing websites and Facebook. Less than 25 per cent of farmers were awaked of its potential, with an average knowledge score of 25.97 per cent, restricting their ability to utilize digital marketing tools effectively. While they are familiar with social media, its use for agricultural marketing remains minimal. Targeted training on advanced digital marketing concepts including SEO and paid advertising is crucial to enhancing their skills. The Friedman test indicated a statistically significant difference between the knowledge statements, highlighting the need for intervention.<br />
&nbsp;</p>


<p>Farmers&rsquo; Insights into Digital Marketing of Agricultural Commodities: A Study in Haryana</p>


<div>Sugarcane is one of the most important crops in India, which meets the sweeteners requirement of people. India is one of the largest sugarcane producers in the world. Jaggery is a conventional sugar that is unrefined and often eaten all over the world. It is regarded as the healthiest sugar in the world because of its mineral and vitamin content as present in sugar cane juice. It is produced in India by the concentration of sugar cane juice, without separating molasses. The Jaggery making plants are placed in decentralized sectors in India. The efficiency of traditional plants producing jaggery is very poor because they are manufactured by local artisans. The use of multi-pan plants with a heat pump based freeze concentration system is found to be a successful approach for efficient jaggery production from the available literature in the manufacture of jaggery manufacturing plants. Due to the presence of inverted sugars and mineral salts that are hygroscopic in nature, the storage of Jaggery is difficult. The storage of jaggery in a whey coated drying cum storage bin is found to be most efficient in preserving the consistency of jaggery. The greenhouse drying of jaggery is an effective way to extract and preserve the moisture content of jaggery for a longer period of time.</div>


Digital Marketing for Global Agricultural Produce: Success in the Digital Era

Digits Angle and Digits Length Ratio in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)

Quality of Labrador- Retriever dog semen on short-term preservation in different extenders

Digital marketing scenario in India

Effect of different extenders for preservation of ram semen at 4°C

Physicochemical and Microbiological Examination of Food Preservation Strategies of Indian Dishes Kalan and Gulab Jamun

Comparative Study Between Conventional Preservatives and Methylene Blue on Chemical and Bacteriological Composition of Raw Milk

Effect of Different Preservation Time of Chilled Semen on the Fertility of Field Indigenous Ewes

Farmers’ Insights into Digital Marketing of Agricultural Commodities: A Study in Haryana

Jaggery Making Process and Preservation: A Review