The effect of species differences on chemical composition
Table 1 presents the nutrient content of different types of legumes. Variance analysis showed that the type of tree legume had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the content of CP, CF, EE and NFE. As shown in Table 1, the A4 treatment had the highest CP content, while the A1 treatment had the lowest. The CP content obtained in this study for the four types of legumes, namely
sesbania,
leucaena,
calliandra and
moringa, was above 20.20%. The CP content, in general, was almost the same and even higher than that obtained in several studies, except for
sesbania and
moringa.
The protein content in
sesbania in this study is comparable to the findings reported by
Bayissa et al., (2022) at 20.30% but lower than the results of the studies conducted by
Islam et al., (2021) at 21.13%. according to
Hameed and Priya, (2022) the nutritional value of
Sesbania grandiflora includes protein (30-45%) and CF (7.75-11.75%).
Sesbania aculeata contain a high amount of nutrients and it is a potential ingredient in feed preparation
(Raman et al., 2024). The protein content in
leucaena in this study was higher than the research of
Olomonchi et al., (2022) at 19.78% and lower than
Simbaya et al., (2020) that reported at 24.5%. The CP content of
calliandra obtained in this study was higher than
Adrizal et al., (2021) which was 19.93%. The CP of
moringa in this study was 26.57%, higher than the findings of
Singh et al., (2019) at 23.95% but lower than the findings of
Simbaya et al., (2020) which reached 28.63%. according to
Meel et al., (2021) nutrient values in
Moringa leaf are CP: 24.56%, EE: 7.10%, C. Fiber: 7.82%, NFE: 51.32%, NDF: 11.30%, ADF: 8.39%, Ca: 1.58% and P: 0.30%, while
Raju et al., (2024) reported that the nutrient content of
Moringa is 18.35% CP, 8,56% EE, 6.71% CF and 54.84% NFE.
Boulal et al., (2021) also reported that
Moringa oleivira has a high antioxidant power.
Leucaena has high nutrient content, bypass protein and can reduce gas production. According to Indonesian National Standard (2022), concentrate needs for fattening cattle require a minimum CP of 14% and for dairy goat kids, a minimum CP of 16% is required. The replacement of concentrates as green fodder can be accomplished by these four tree legumes.
The CF content of
leucaena in this study was lower than the results reported by
Marhaeniyanto et al., (2019) amounting to 21.51%. The CF content of
calliandra in this study was lower than the results reported in the studies of
Adrizal et al., (2021) which were 32.43%. The CF content of
moringa in this study was lower than the 23.09% found in
Mahima et al., (2014) research. The CF content of
sesbania and
leucaena in this study was smaller than
Agustono et al., (2017) findings of 33.13%. and 20.10%. CF content increases with longer cutting age, while protein content conversely decreases
(Abqoriyah et al., 2015). CF in this study has sufficient value as a source of fibre.
Suharti et al., (2019) report that CF content of 12.74% can provide a body weight gain of local male sheep.
The EE content ranged from 7.18% (
calliandra) to 7.88% (
leucaena). The EE content of
sesbania in this study was higher than that of
Bayissa et al., (2022) at 2.76% and
Olomonchi et al., (2022) findings of 2.95%. The EE content of calliandra in this study was higher than the results of
Adrizal et al., (2021) findings of 2.83%. However, it was lower than the result of
Nyakira et al., (2015) which reached 12.69%. The EE content of
moringa in this study is higher than the results of
Simbaya et al., (2020) which only amounted to 6.8%. According to
Indonesian National Standard (2022), the EE requirement for fattening sheep is a maximum of 7.00%. The results obtained in this study ranged around 7.00%, meaning it meets the needs of ruminants.
The NFE in
calliandra in this study amounted to 48.99%, which is higher than the results of
Nyakira et al., (2015) which is 45.54%. However, this result is lower than
Jayaprakash et al., (2016) research findings of 54.86%. The NFE content of
moringa in this study was lower than
Mahima et al., (2014) at 51.11%. The NFE content of
sesbania and leucaena in this study is higher than
Agustono et al., (2017) which only reached 25.65% and 30.48%.
Sutaryono et al., (2019) stated that
sesbania,
leucaena and
indigofera are tree legumes favored by cattle, but
calliandra and
moringa are less preferred. NFE generally contains starch, which has the potential to serve as an energy source. The four tree legumes had NFE contents ranging from 33.48% to 48.99%, making them sufficient as a source of digestible energy.
DMD was highest at 74.32% in
sesbania and lowest at 65.00% in
calliandra. Duncan’s multiple range test showed that the dry matter digestibility of
calliandra was lower than that of
leucaena,
moringa and
sesbania. The DMD of
sesbania was the same as that of
moringa.
The dry matter digestibility of leucaena in this study was higher than
Olomonchi et al., (2022b) findings of 57.7% but lower than
Kokten et al., (2012) research, which reached 76.8%. Similarly, the DMD result of
moringa in this study, at 74.10%, was lower than
Arif et al., (2020) findings of 76.61%. Moreover, the DMD in this study surpassed the
in vitro dry matter digestibility of
Despal et al., (2023) research, that is
moringa 66.31%,
leucaena 46.35% and
calliandra 28.54%.
The higher the DMD of a feed ingredient, the better the quality of the feed ingredient. DMD digestibility above 65.00% indicates prime quality standards, as observed in
sesbania,
moringa and
leucaena. Physically, the texture of
calliandra is stiffer, closely related to the relatively high lignin content of
calliandra , which is 12.76% compared to other legume
(Islamiyati et al., 2022). The tannin content in
calliandra is 3.2%, which causes low DMD. The DMD value of
calliandra in this study is in the grade 1 category, while
sesbania,
leucaena and
moringa fall into the prime category (
Horrocks and Vallentine, 1999). The highest DMI was 5.22% of body weight in
sesbania and the lowest was 3.40% of body weight in
leucaena. According to Duncan’s multiple range test, DMI was lower in compared to,
moringa and
sesbania.
The DMI of the four legume observed was above 3, indicating prime quality (
Horrocks and Valentine, 1999). The DMI result for leucaena in this study was lower than
Kökten
et_al(2012) study, which reached 6.8% of body weight but higher than
Fekadu et al., (2018) finding of 2.22%. The DMI of this study is higher than
Olomonchi et al., (2022) finding of only 1.90% of body weight.
Arif et al., (2020) obtained DMI results for
moringa of 4.85, while in this study is to 4.26, which was lower than
Fekadu et al., (2018) that is 2.81. The result of DMI analysis of
sesbania in this study was 5.22, higher than
Fekadu et al., (2018) that of 2.88. The DMI results of this study mean that they have met these requirements. The DMI value is included in the prime category if it has a value > 3 (
Horrocks and Valentine, 1999). In this study, the DMI values for selected legume were > 3.4, so they are included in the prime category.
The effect of species differences on RFV
Table 2 presents the highest RFV was 300.72 in
sesbania and the lowest was 182.74 in
calliandra. Duncan’s multiple range test showed that the RFV of
calliandra was the same as that of
leucaena, lower than that of
sesbania and
moringa. The RFV results of leucaena in this study are lower than the findings of
Kokten et al., (2012) which reached 403.7, but higher than
Olomonchi et al., (2022) findings of 85.4. Similarly, the RFV value of
moringa in this study is higher than the findings of
Arif et al., (2020) which only amounted to 299.13. The assumption is that all parts of
moringa can be used as high-value feed.
The average RFV of
sesbania , leucaena ,
calliandra and
moringa with CP content greater than 19%, ADF less than 31%, NDF less than 40% and DMD greater than 65% and DMI higher than 3.0% of BW, indicate that these legumes are prime quality feedstuffs. The RFV values of the four selected tree legumes observed were more than 151 in the prime category (
Horrocks and Valentine, 1999).
