Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research, volume 34 issue 4 (december 2015) : 307-313

Determination of physico-chemical and functional properties of different genotypes of horse gram

C.K Bhokre *, A. A. Joshi, A. B. Rodge
1<p>All India Coordinated Research Project on Arid Legume.,&nbsp;College of Food Technology,Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani-431 402, India</p>
Cite article:- * Bhokre C.K, Joshi A. A., Rodge B. A. (2015). Determination of physico-chemical and functional properties ofdifferent genotypes of horse gram . Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research. 34(4): 307-313. doi: 10.18805/ajdfr.v34i4.6884.

A study was carried out to determine the physicochemical and functional properties of seeds of five different genotypes of horsegram obtained from AICRP on Arid Legumes at Parbhani centre to assess their potential use in the food products. The five different genotypes viz. VLG-34, SHG-0628-4, AK-53, AK-21and AK-52 were analysed. The AK-21 have highest 100 seed weight (3.75%) followed by AK-52 (3.61g) while maximum density (1.42g/ml) and bulk density (0.833 g/ml) was found in AK-52. The data on proximate composition showed that among all genotypes  the AK-21 had highest protein ( 30.08%),crude fiber(5.5%) which could be exploited for nutritional purpose and genotype VLG-34 scored highest in crude fat (2.56%), carbohydrate (64.53%)  and  ash content(3.10%) will be used  in different food formulation. The functional properties study revealed that the genotype AK-21 was superior in most of the functional properties viz swelling capacity(0.041ml/seed), water absorption capacity (1.53g/g), oil absorption capacity(1.21 g/g), foaming  capacity (48.18%), foaming stability (40.13%), emulsifying  activity(59.53%), emulsifying stability(55.16%), invitro protein digestibility(81.80%) and required less cooking time(55 min.). These properties makes AK-21 suitable for processor and consumer also. These results suggest the potential utility of horse gram flour as substitutes for other legume flour for food products formulations.


  1. Abbey, B. W. and Ibeh, G. O. (1988) Functional properties of raw and heat processed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata, Walp) Journal of Food Science 53:1775-1777.

  2. Akinyele, I.O., A.O. Onigbinde, M.A. Hussain and A. Omololu, (1986). Physicochemical characteristics of 18 cultivars of Nigerian cowpeas (V. Unguiculata and their cooking properties. J. Food Sci., 51: 1483-1485.

  3. Akpata MI and Akubor PI (1999). Chemical composition and selected functional properties of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) seed flour. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr., 54: 353-362.

  4. Altschul H M and Wilcke H L (1985) New York Academic Press., 5:107-179.

  5. AOAC (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, DC, 16th Edition.

  6. Beuchat, L. R. (1975): Functional and Electrophoretic Charcateristics of Succinylated peanut flour protein, J. Agric. Food Chem. 25: 258-261

  7. Bhokre C, Ghatge PU, Machewad G and Rodge A (2012) Studies on Preparation of Buns Fortified with Germinated Horse Gram Flour. 1:127. Open acsess http/: // dx.doi.org/10.4172/scientific reports.

  8. Bishnoi, S. and Khetarpaul, N. (1993). Variability in physico- chemical properties and nutrient composition of different pea cultivars. Food Chem. 47: 371- 373.

  9. Carcea Bencini, M. (1986) Functional properties of drum- dried chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) ours. Journal of Food Science 51: 1518±1526.

  10. Chinma CE, Alemede IC and Emelife IG (2008). Physicochemical and functional properties of some Nigerian cowpea genotypes. Pak. J.Nutr., 7: 186-190.

  11. Eke O. S. and Akobundu E. N. T. (1993): Functional Properties of African Yam bean (Sphenosylis stenocarpa) seed flour as affected by Processing. Food Chem. 48: 337-340

  12. Ghorpade, V. M., Kadam, S. S. and Salunkhe, D. K. (1986). Thermal stability and changes in trypsin inhibitor during germination and cooking of horse gram. J. Food Sci. Technol. 23: 164–165.

  13. Gopalan, C., Rama Sastri, B.V. and Balasubramanian, S.C. (1989). Nutritive Value of Indian Foods. National Institute of Nutrition, ICMR, New Delhi.

  14. Gurumoorthi, P. and Janardhanan, K. (2008) Physico-Chemical properties and cooking quality of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) germplasm. Indian J Agric Biochem 21: 31-34.

  15. Hsu, H.W., Vavak, D.L., Satterlee, L.D. and Miller, G.A. (1977). A multi-enzyme technique for estimating protein digestibility. Journal of Food Science, 42: 1269-1274.

  16. Ismail S, Wankhede DB, Syed HM, Kulkarni AS and Fayazuddin M (2003) The effect of germination on the changes in protein, free amino acid and in vitro protein digestibility of moth bean and horse gram. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Arid Legumes for Food Nutrition Security and Promotion of Trade 315-317.

  17. Jacobs, D. R., Jr., and Steffen, L. M. (2003). Nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns as exposures in research: A framework for food synergy. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78: 508S–513S.

  18. Jayashri Hiremath, Sunanda Sharan and K.P.Vishwanath (2001) Chemical composition and functional properties of some important genotypes of horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum LumVerdec) Karnataka J,Agric.Sci., 14:943-946-

  19. Kadam, S. S., and Salunkhe, D. K. (1985). Nutritional composition, processing, and utilization of horse gram and moth bean. CRC Reviews in Food Sci. Nutri., 22: 1–26.

  20. Kamala (2009). http://www.cookatease.com/kollu-horsegram-masiya.

  21. Khattab, R. Y., and Arntfield, S. D. (2009). Functional properties of raw and processed canola meal. LWT – Food Science and Technology, 42: 1119–1124.

  22. Kinsella J. E. (1979): Functional Properties of Soy Protein J. America Oil Chemist Society 56: 254-264

  23. Marimuthu and Krishnamoorthi (2013) Nutrients and functional properties of horse gram (Macrotyloma Uniflorum),an underutilized south Indian food legume Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2013, 5:390-394

  24. Mpotokwane SM, Gaditlhatlhelwe A, Sebaka A and Jideani VA (2008). Physical properties of Bambara groundnuts from Botswana. J. Food Eng. 89: 93-98.

  25. National Academy of Sciences (1979). In Tropical legumes: Resources for the future, Report of an Ad hoc panel of the advisory committee on technology innovation board on science and technology for international development, Washington, D.C.

  26. Olaofe, O., Adeyemi, F. O. and Adediran, G. O. (1994). Amino acid, chemical composition and functional properties of some oil seeds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 42: 879–881.

  27. Onwuka, G.I., 2005. Food Analysis and Instrumentation: Theory and Practice. Naphthali Prints, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria.

  28. Padmashree TS, Vijayalakshim L and Pultaraj S (1987). Effect of traditional processing on the functional properties of cowpea (Vigna catjany) flour. J. Food Sci. Technol., 24: 221-224.

  29. Panse V.S. and Sukhatme P.V. (1985). Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers. Indian Council of Agricultural Research. New Delhi, pp70-72. 

  30. Pearce, K. N and Kinsella, J. E. (1978). Emulsifying properties of proteins: Evaluation of a turbidimetric technique. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 26: 716–723.

  31. Prinyawiwatkul, W., Eitenmiller, R. R., Beuchat, L. R., McWatters, K. H., and Phillips, R. D. (1996a). Cowpea flour vitamins and trypsin Inhibitor affected by treatment and fermentation with Rhizopus microspores. Journal of Food Science, 61: 1039–1042.

  32. Prinyawiwatkul, W., McWatters, K. H., Beuchat, L. R., and Phillips, R. D. (1996b). Cowpea flour: A potential ingredient in food products. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 36: 413–436.

  33. Sathe S.K., S.S Desphande and D.K Salunkhe.(1982) Functional Properties of Winged Bean [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC] Proteins J. Food Sci., 47: 503-509.

  34. Satterlee, L.D., Marshall, H.F. and Tennyson, J.M. (1979). Measuring protein quality. Journal of the American Oil chemist’s Society, 56: 103- 109.

  35. Shashi Jain, Vishakha Singh and Shipra Chelawat (2012) chemical and physicochemical properties, of horse gram (Macrotyloma Uniflorum) and its product formulation J. Dairying, Foods and H.S., 31: 184 – 190.

  36. Siddhuraju P. and Becker K.(2007). The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of processed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) seed extracts. Food Chemistry. 101: 10-19.

  37. Singh, N., Kaur, M., Sandhu, KS and Sodhi, NV (2004). Physicochemical, cooking and textural characteristics of some Indian black gram (Phaseolus mungo L) genotypes. J. Sci Food Agric 84: 977-982.

  38. Sreerama, Y. N., Sasikala, V. B., and Pratape, V. M. (2008). Nutritional implications and flour functionality of popped/    expanded horse gram. Food Chemistry, 108: 891–899.

  39. Sudha, N., Mushtari Begum, J., Shambulingappa, K. G. and Babu, C. K. (1995). Nutrients and some anti- nutrients in horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.)http://www.unu.edu/Unupress/food/ 8F161e 8F161E0c.htm

  40. Yalcm Cos¸kuner and Ers¸an Karababa (2003) Effect of location and soaking treatments on the cooking quality of some chickpea breeding lines. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 38: 751–757.

  41. Yadahally N. Sreerama , Vadakkoot B. Sashikala, Vishwas M. Pratape and Vasudeva Singh (2012) Nutrients and antinutrients in cowpea and horse gram flours in comparison to chickpea flour: Evaluation of their flour functionality. Food Chemistry Food Chemistry 131 : 462–468.

Editorial Board

View all (0)