<div>Background: The incorporation of rice straw and the application of nitrogen are key factors influencing wheat production. Rice straw, as a residue, contributes to soil organic matter and nutrient cycling while nitrogen is crucial for plant growth and grain development. Understanding their combined impact is essential for optimizing wheat yield and improving grain quality in sustainable agricultural systems. 
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Methods: The study was conducted at Research Farm, Division of Agronomy, Lovely Professional University during rabi 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 focused on the impact of various rice straw management practices and nitrogen levels on the yield and quality of wheat emphasizing the importance of sustainable agricultural practices. The experimental field had sandy loam soil with slightly alkaline pH (7.6), moderate organic carbon content alongside low concentrations of essential nutrients viz, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It comprised 12 treatments arranged in split plot design and replicated three times to evaluate two main factors Rice Straw management: S0: Control, S1: Super seeder and S2: Pusa bio decomposer and nitrogen levels: N0&nbsp;: Control (no nitrogen), N1: 75% of the recommended dose (RDN), N2: 100% of RDN, N3&nbsp;: 125% of RDN. 
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Result: The results demonstrated that the S2&nbsp;and N3&nbsp;treatments significantly improved wheat performance, with the highest values for effective tillers (93.58, 91.74/m row), grains per spike (43.71, 42.20)&nbsp;and test weight (43.30, 42.23 g). Grain yield peaked at 49.75 q/ha (S2) and 51.26 q/ha (N3), while straw yield and biological yield also showed corresponding increases. The harvest index, although non-significant, reflects trends consistent with these yield improvements. Quality attributes were enhanced under S2&nbsp;and N3&nbsp;treatments, with maximum protein content (12.88%, 12.53%), protein yield (905.44 kg/ha, 854.94 kg/ha)&nbsp;and levels of essential amino acids (lysine, tryptophan, phenylalanine).</div>

Impact of Rice Straw and Nitrogen Levels on Yield and Quality of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Background: The combined application of nitrogen and the incorporation of rice straw play a vital role in enhancing wheat productivity. Rice straw contributes to the enrichment of soil organic matter and supports nutrient cycling, while nitrogen is essential for promoting plant growth and grain development. Understanding the synergistic effects of these two inputs is critical for optimizing wheat yield and improving grain quality within sustainable agricultural systems. 
 
Methods: The study was conducted at Research Farm, Division of Agronomy, Lovely Professional University During rabi 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 and focused on the impact of various rice straw management practices and nitrogen levels on the yield and quality of wheat that emphasizing the importance of sustainable agricultural practices. The experimental field had sandy loam soil with slightly alkaline pH (7.6), medium in organic carbon, phosphorus and potassium alongside low concentrations of nitrogen. It comprised 12 treatments combinations arranged in Split plot Design and replicated three times to evaluate two factors in main plot (1) Rice Straw management: S0&nbsp;(without straw), S1 (Super Seeder) and S2 (Pusa Bio Decomposer) and (2) Subplot Nitrogen levels N0: (Control), N1: (75% RDN), N2: (100% RDN) N3: (125% RDN). 
 
Result: The results indicated that among the different straw management practices, S&sbquo;&nbsp; (Straw decomposed by Pusa decomposer) significantly enhanced wheat grain yield (49.75 q/ha), straw yield (69.87 q/ha), biological yield (120.00 q/ha) and test weight (43.30 g) compared to other treatments. Similarly, nitrogen levels had a significant impact on wheat performance. The highest grain yield (51.26 q/ha), straw yield (67.71 q/ha), biological yield (118.97 q/ha) and test weight (42.23 g) were recorded under N3&nbsp;(125% RDN). However, these values were statistically at par with N&sbquo; (100% RDN). The harvest index was found to be non-significant for both main plot and subplot treatments. Nutrient uptake in grain (103.60 kg N/ha, 19.89 kg P/ha and 24.40 kg K/ha) and straw (36.09 kg N/ha, 9.77 kg P/ha and 125.37 kg K/ha) was significantly enhanced under S&sbquo; (Straw decomposed by Pusa decomposer). Among nitrogen levels, the highest nutrient uptake in grain was recorded under N&fnof;&nbsp; (125% RDN) with 103.64 kg N/ha, 19.71 kg P/ha and 24.74 kg K/ha, while in straw, it was 34.07 kg N/ha, 9.28 kg P/ha and 117.70 kg K/ha. These values were statistically at par with those under N&sbquo; (100% RDN).

Impact of Different Rice Straw Management Techniques and Nitrogen Levels on Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Background: Rice, a staple cereal, serves as the primary food for almost 50% of the world&cent;s population. Nitrogen is the predominant mineral element found in crops and serves as the primary constraint on Rice production. Direct-seeded rice cultivation has emerged as a potential alternative to traditional transplanting method. The goal is to provide insights that may be used to build sustainable agricultural methods that are specifically designed for Basmati rice production. 
 
Methods: This study aim to evaluate the effect of different N application levels (M1: 0 kg ha-1, M2: 40 kg ha-1 and&nbsp; M3: 60 kg ha-1) options as first factor with four microbial inoculation treatments (S1-Control, S2-Azosprillum (618g/ha) + Streptomyces&rsquo;s (618g/ha), S3- Consortium (1235 g/ha) and S4-AMF (1235 g/ha). The experiment was conducted using a split-plot design (SPD) with three replications. 
 
Result: The study revealed that the maximum yield and yield attributes viz. plant height (116.47 cm), effective tillers ( 354.13 m2),leaf area index (2.64), no. of grains per panicle(84.17), length of panicle (24.66 cm), no. of filled grains per panicle (125.0), grain yield (54.30 q ha-1), straw yield ( 80.42 q ha-1), biological yield (134.72 q ha-1) and 1000-grain weight (24.64 g), maximum protein content (%) in grains (8.73%), straw (5.78%) was recorded in M3S2 i.e. 60 kg N ha-1 with azosprillum (618 g/ha) + streptomyces&#39;s (618 g/ha) significantly highest compared to other nitrogen levels and microbial inoculation treatments. Hence, the application of N @ 60 kg ha-1 along with azosprillum (618 g/ha)+Streptomyces&cent;s (618 g/ha) can be suggested to achieve higher rice grain yield, yield attributes and nitrogen content in grain and straw in DSR.

Influence of Nitrogen Levels and Microbial Inoculation on Growth, Yield and Straw of Direct Seeded Basmati Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

<div>Background: Broccoli [Brassica oleracea (var.) italica] is a cool season vegetable of family cruciferous, known as harigobi in Hindi. In modern agriculture, high doses of chemical fertilizers are used to maximize the crop production. Plenty of chemical fertilizers along with a small quantity of organic ones are being used to increase the yield which ultimately affects the health of soil. Due to excess use of chemical fertilizers a decline pattern is observed in soil fertility, therefore integrated nutrient management is an important demand of present era. Vermicompost application is an important forthcoming addition in this venture. 
 
Methods: The research material comprised of seven treatments with three replications. Treatments included FYM (T1), Chemical fertilizer (T2), Paddy straw vermicompost (T3), Sugarcane bagasse vermicompost (T4), Paddy straw+Sugarcane bagasse vermicompost (T5), Vermicompost+Vermiwash (T6) and control (T7). The experiment was conducted considering the growth and yield parameters along with quality parameters. 
 
Result: The results indicated that application of treatment T5 vermicompost was found to be the best treatment combination in terms of quality of broccoli. Thus, the study indicates that the vermicompost can be utilized effectively for sustainable crop production.</div>

​Efficient Utilization of Paddy Straw and Sugarcane Bagasse through Vermicomposting and its Impact on Growth, Yield and Quality of Broccoli [Brassica oleracea (var.) italica]

<div style="text-align:justify">Background: Mushroom is a typical fungi having spore bearing fruiting bodies without chlorophyll in them. Due to its high nutritive and medicinal value, it is being popular among the public. 
Methods: The research was conducted in laboratory condition of Mahendra Gram Secondary School, Bhaktapur; under control environmental condition to evaluate primordial formation and yield analysis of oyster mushroom Pleurotus florida using different sterilization techniques from March to July 2020. 
Result: Earlier primordial formation was visualized in chemical method and higher yield was obtained from steaming method of sterilization. However, boiling method showed harsh result for all parameters as primordial formation, fruiting and yield. But still number of researches should be conducted for the exact evaluation of the yield performance.</div>

Analysis of Primordia and Fruiting Forming Days on using Different Sterilization Techniques of Straw and its Effect on Yield of Blue Oyster Mushroom

<div>Background: The estimates of genetic parameters are useful in determining the appropriate method of selection that could further be implemented in the breed improvement programmes. The present study was, therefore, conducted to estimate the genetic parameters (heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations) for monthly test day (TD) milk yields, peak yield (PY) and first lactation 305 days milk yield (FL305DMY) in Murrah buffaloes. 
 
Methods: Paternal half-sib correlation method was carried out by least-squares maximum likelihood programme to estimate genetic parameters of first lactation 4,209 and 408 records of monthly test day milk yield and peak yield, respectively, of 408 Murrah buffaloes (sired by 62 bulls) calved in between 1993 and 2017 at ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal. 
 
Result: Heritability of FL305DMY and peak yield was estimated as 0.35&plusmn;0.17 and 0.33&plusmn;0.16, respectively. Heritability estimates for mid-lactation monthly test day milk yields were found to be moderate. Genetic correlation of monthly test day milk yields with FL305DMY was positive and highly significant for TD-4 to TD-9 and TD-11. Peak yield showed high genetic and phenotypic association with FL305DMY. High genetic and phenotypic correlation among monthly test day milk yields, peak yield and FL305DMY suggested that TD-4 to TD-9 and TD-11 test day milk yields and peak yield could be used for the selection of elite animals.</div>

<div>Genetic Analysis of First Lactation Monthly Test Day Milk Yields, Peak Yield and 305 Days Milk Yield in Murrah Buffaloes</div>

Selected forty F2 single plant progenies of a lentil cross viz., L-830 &times; MC-6 and bulked seeds were evaluated in a randomized block design with two replications for secondary branches per plant, pods per plant, seed yield per plant and seed index as independent selection criteria. Out of the four selection criterion, highest realized selection response in percentage was recorded for pods per plant (37.42 %), and was followed by secondary branches per plant (28.5 %). &nbsp;The realized correlated response to selection for seed yield per plant was significant under the selection criteria number of pods per plant. &nbsp;Thus the selection criteria pods per plant was more effective than other selection criterion.

Response of different yield components as selection criteria for yield and yield components in early generations of lentil (Lens culinaris L.)

<div>Background: The main pulses grown in India are chickpea, arhar, lentil, black gram, mung bean, moth bean, horse gram, pea, khesari, cowpea, etc. Black gram is fourth major pulse crop in India, that contributes 13 and 10 per cent of total area and production respectively. This is annual plant that attains 30-100 cm height and its stem is covered with brown hairs and much branched from the base. The pods are long and cylindrical being 5-6 cm length and 4-10 seed in pods. The seeds are generally black, very dark brown. 
 
Methods: The field experiment was conducted in kharif-2019 at research farm of Tirhut College of Agriculture Dholi, to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield parameters and the yield of black gram cv-PU-31, by the use different sources of nutrient in a integrated manner such as three level of fertilizer i.e. F1-75, F2-100 and F3-125% RDF and two levels of organic manure i.e. M1-control and M2-FYM @ 5 t ha-1 and three levels of biofertilizer i.e., B1-rhizobium, B2-nutrient mobilizer, B3-rhizobium+ nutrient mobilizer. The treatments were allocated in randomized block design (factorial) and replicated thrice.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The results revealed that F3 produced taller plants, more dry matter, crop growth rate (CGR) yield attributes resulting higher yield of grain and straw (10.78, 22.61 q ha-1 respectively) which was statistically at par with plant height, dry matter, crop growth rate, yield attributes and yield of grain, straw and highest harvest index (10.73, 22.20 q ha-1 and 32.58% respectively) to F2. Among addition of organic manure significantly maximum plant height, dry matter and crop growth rate and yield attributes resulting maximum yield of grain, straw and harvest index (11.2, 22.79 q ha-1 and 33.31% respectively) was found in M2 over M1. In biofertilizer treatments, B3 recorded higher plant height, dry matter and crop growth rate, yield attributes resulting in significantly higher yield of grain, straw and harvest index (10.26, 21.90 q ha-1 and 31.92% respectively) over B1 and B2.</div>

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield Attributes and Yield of Black Gram Cv. Pu-31

<div>Background: Optimum sowing time which enables the utilization of all the available resources is prerequisite to achieve the potential crop yield. Quantifying nitrogen requirement of a crop is important as nitrogen directly influences the crop yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate sowing time and nitrogen levels on proso millet yield and yield attributes. 
 
Methods: The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications having four times of sowing [II FN of June (S1), I FN of July (S2), II FN of July (S3) and I FN of August (S4)] as main plots and four nitrogen levels [0 kg N ha-1 (N1), 20 kg N ha-1 (N2), 40 kg N ha-1 (N3) and 60 kg N ha-1 (N4)] as sub plots.&nbsp; 
 
Result: Among the sowing times tried, II FN of June (S1) sown crop resulted in the higher yield attributes, grain and straw yield. While their lowest were with the crop sown during I FN of August (S4). Significantly higher yield attributes, grain and straw yield were observed with the application of 60 kg N ha-1 (N4) than with 40 kg N ha-1 (N3). Reduced yield attributes, grain and straw yield were observed with no nitrogen application (N1).</div>

Effect of Times of Sowing and Nitrogen Levels on Yield and Yield Attributes of Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)

<div>Background: Biofertilizers contain an effective tool in rural environments as a beneficial, sustainable and ecofriendly source of plant supplements. These are arranged on premise of the particular supplement accessibility concern. A few microorganisms are normally utilized as biofertilizers including nitrogen-fixing soil microbes (Azotobacter, Rhizobium), nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria (Anabaena), phosphate-solubilizing microscopic organisms (Pseudomonas sp.) and AM fungi. Biofertilizers are minimal expense, effective, eco-friendly and sustainable source of plant supplements to enhance fertilizer. 
 
Methods: A field experiment was conducted on rainfed chickpea at crop research center of career point University, Kota during 2016-17 and 2017-18 with four levels of phosphorus and four bio-fertilizer levels.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The results revealed that crop fertilized with 40 kg P2O5/ha and combined application of Rhizobium + PSB proved significantly better than other treatment regarding yield attributes and yield (Grain and straw). The economics in the form of net return and B: C ratio was also computed which was confirmed the results, recorded as yield attributes and yield.</div>