<div>Background: Therapeutic horticulture (TH), as an adjuvant for mental health, attracts health care specialists to evidence-based therapy approaches. However, the effectiveness of plants as elicitors and in improving patient outcomes is still uncertain in practice. Hence, the study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of different therapeutic approaches for shift work disorder amongst securities with poor sleep quality. 
 
Methods: Sixty securities working in night shifts were selected for the study and 30 participants were assigned to the intervention group and 30 to the control group through pre-test post-test control design. The intervention and the control groups were tested for the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Inclusion of nature self scale (INS), the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Physical (Blood pressure, Heart rate), personal and psychological well-being.&nbsp;The horticulture interventions through combination of virtual reality, gardening, potpourri making, chamomile tea intake, aromatherapy and pot painting were provided for the experimental group. 
 
Result: The therapy has brought fascinating results in decreasing stress, improving the sleep and better well being of the subjects. The pre-test value for the Pittsburg sleep quality index indicated a sleep deprivation score of 13.27&plusmn;2.38 during the pre-test and it has improved the sleep level with a post-test value of 6.10&plusmn;2.23. The drop in blood pressure for the systolic/diastolic blood pressure from 138.30&plusmn;21.02/85.13&plusmn;12.59 (Pre-test) to 127.93&plusmn;14.80/81.90&plusmn;11.07 (Post-test) has been a good sign of therapeutic approaches at p&lt;0.001. The values are also significant for personal and psychological well being and the subjective feedback results shows, among the therapies the virtual reality garden viewing followed by potpourri and pot painting showed higher rankings. Therapeutic horticulture being benign and non-threatening will undoubtedly expand and can take upon as one of the sustainable approaches in kindling the senses and improving daytime sleep for night shift workers.</div>

Combining Virtual Reality with Horticulture Therapy for Shift Work Disorder among Healthcare Security Personnel

<div style="text-align: justify;">Present day Indian farming community is facing a multitude of problems to maximize crop productivity. ICTs play an important role in information between and among stake holders in agriculture. There is huge potential to harness ICT for agriculture development. VASAT (Virtual Academy for Semi-Arid Tropics) was initiated in Mahboobnagar district of Andhra Pradesh by ICRISAT. Exploratory research design was adopted to know perceived benefits and constraints in utilizing the project services by the farmers. Web based agro advisory service was important service that was ranked first with cent percent accessibility. Agro advisory through video conference was ranked second with 52 per cent accessibility. Other services are accessible but less often. In terms of utility web based agro advisory was utilized by 64 per cent followed by agro advisory through video conference utilized by 28 per cent. Overall satisfaction of farmers towards services of VASAT was rated low by 50 per cent and as very low by another 40 per cent.</div>

Perceived benefits and constraints analysis of &lsquo;VASAT&rsquo; an &lsquo;ICT&rsquo; initiative in India

Agriculture is the largest source of livelihood for 58% of India&rsquo;s population. A self-reliant primary sector is a pre-requisite to promote economic development. However despite this fact and the reality of Two-thirds of people in India who lives in poverty (68.8% of the Indian population lives on less than $2 a day: World Bank); few attempts have been implemented to reach the desired level of agricultural growth. Having said so it is pertinent to align the same goals as laid down as a roadmap to attain the Second Sustainable Development Goal (SDG-2) i.e. &lsquo;Zero Hunger&rsquo; and &lsquo;Higher Agricultural Productivity&rsquo; by 2030. Stating the brooding fate of a COVID lead silent food crisis that will put the majority of Indian poor at risk, especially the ones in extreme poverty; undivided attention must be provided to the food front; putting food security as a matter of utmost priority. Thereby a technological upgrade is an asset that holds the potential to turn Indian agricultural scenario and pull up the face of food security in India. The objective of this dissertation is to emphasize the importance of technology as a driving force to move the agricultural sector along a more sustainable path.

Digitalization in the Agricultural Sector: Case Study of Bihar and Haryana

Background: An intensification of mono-cropping system has been increasing greenhouse gas emissions and loss of biodiversity. Intercropping offers a potential alternative to mono-cropping in lowering the environmental influences on agriculture. Virtually, no information is available on how intercropping with aromatic plants influences soil agroecosystems and hence present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of intercropping mango (Mangifera indica) with lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) and screwpine (Pandanus amaryllifolius) on soil CO2&nbsp;flux and microbial density vis-a-vis mango monocrop. 
 
Methods: The field trial involves mango-screwpine intercrop, mango-lemongrass intercrops and mango monocrop. The soda lime method was used for the measurement of soil CO2&nbsp;flux. Soil microbial density was assessed by using the spread plate method with Beijerinkia and Pikovskaya medium. 
 
Result: The results indicated that intercropping with aromatic plants increased the carbon allocation in promoting the root growth and thereby reduced the soil CO2&nbsp;emission. In addition, intercropping plots had large number of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms than the mono-cropping. To finetune the findings of the experiment on the dynamics of soil nutrients, further study in protected environment is required.

Effect of Intercropping Mango with Lemongrass and Screwpine on the Soil Carbon Dioxide Flux and Soil Microbial Density

<div>Background: Deltamethrin, a type 2 pyrethroid, reported toxicity said to have atoxic effect upon chronic exposure on the immune system. Since bone marrow is the source of immune cells, it is appropriate to test impact of the widely used Deltamethrin on BMSCs (Bone marrow stem cells). It was found that long term exposure to these toxic pesticides used for domestic and agricultural purposes showed to cause severe hematotoxicity and degenerative marrow diseases, precisely hypoplastic bone marrow failure condition in mammals. The present study analysed the less explored predicted effects of Deltamethrin on blood stem cells through CD45 receptor and virtual effects on cultured cells. 
 
Methods: The effect of deltamethrin on bone marrow-derived stem cells at different concentrations and time periods was analysed. To further understand the molecular basis of how these chemicals affect the protein-ligand binding, molecular docking studies were conducted. 
 
Result: Our results on iGEMDOCK 2.1 software used to dock CD45 receptors with DLM and the binding mode indicated that the bound ligand and the active site of CD45 had a good binding score of -68.04 and formed the five H bonds with the amino acids residues of CD45. It is found from the current study that there is an increase in cytotoxicity with increased exposure to deltamethrin. Further studies can be done to note the precise target of such agents to quickly underst and and control the effect of such drugs on a safer lifestyle.</div>

<div>Predicted and In vitro Effect of Deltamethrin on Bone Marrow Progenitors</div>

<div>Climate change is no more a myth but a reality supported by scientific evidence. The rapid change in environmental green house gases post industrialization is one such indicator responsible for global warming. Atmospheric concentrations of core GHGs carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have increased by 43%, 154% and 21%, respectively between 1750 to 2013. Similarly global average air temperature has increased from 0.74 in 1906 to 1.2&deg;C in 2020 and sea level by 8 inches in last century, besides increased frequency in natural hazards like floods, draughts, cloud bursts, storms, typhoons and heat waves. The changing climate has negative impacts on human life as well as on livestock. However, livestock is believed to be the main contributor of methane, an important green house gas with 21 times more global warming potential in comparison to carbon dioxide. Since human population has tremendously increased and is further expected to increase by 33% till 2050 and at the same time due to urbanization, improved incomes and increased purchasing capacity, the demand for food of animal origin is increasing. In order to have food and nutritional security the production of livestock products is a necessity. Therefore, on one hand increase in livestock production and on the other hand minimizing the GHG emissions, the livestock sector warrants climate smart livestock production which will encompass climate resilient, environmentally sustainable, economically viable production of nutritious, safe, affordable livestock food and products.&nbsp;</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div>

Climate Smart Livestock Production - Call for Food Security: A Review&nbsp;

Post-harvest losses (PHL) is a crucial strategy in the global effort to ensure food security for a growing population and achieve sustainable development. With food production needing to increase by 70% by 2050, the staggering reality of up to 40-50% food waste in some regions due to spoilage and infestation presents a significant challenge. Also reducing PHL is not just an option; it is a critical component of an integrated approach to realise the full potential of agriculture. It is very important in combating hunger, increasing income and improving livelihoods. Investing in PHL reduction is seen as relatively modest, yet it yields rapid returns, making it a highly effective pathway to enhancing food availability, reducing poverty and optimizing resource use. Addressing PHL is essential for nourishing a growing global population while minimising the pressure on our planet&rsquo;s precious assets. In global food systems, post-harvest loss is a major problem. Diseases and insect pests are becoming formidable competitors when it involves retaining agricultural products fresh after harvest. Both quantitative depletion and major qualitative degradation result from the significant harm these biological organisms cause to stored grains. Insect infestations and pathogen infections compromise food safety, nutritional value and marketability from the immediate post-harvest period through storage, processing and distribution. This exacerbates food insecurity and causes significant financial hardship for farmers and supply chain participants globally. In India, post-harvest loss (PHL) in rice is a serious problem that affects farmer earnings, food security and overall economic effectiveness. 
&nbsp;

Pest and Disease Related Post-Harvest Losses in Rice: A Review

<div style="text-align: justify;">Digital marketing encompasses all marketing efforts that use an electronic device or the internet. The use of electronic media by the marketers to promote their products or services into the market. The main aim of digital marketing is to attract consumers with various brands through use of technology on internet. Digital marketing is often referred to as &lsquo;online marketing&rsquo;, &lsquo;internet marketing&rsquo; or &lsquo;web marketing&rsquo;. The term digital marketing has grown in popularity over time, particularly in certain countries. Digital Marketing has become more famous after involvement of latest technologies in businesses. It has completely changed the old marketing methods and compelled marketers to stay connected with their buyers or customers via internet for selling their products and services. There has been an immense growth in the digital marketing India. It is spread across all the business sectors starting from shopping, online transaction, bank payments, e-commerce, online tracking etc. The means of communication has become very easy and fast. In a country like India, the economy is huge&nbsp;and increasing rapidly. The usage of the digital platform is also increasing similarly. In the year 1996, the business to business marketing was established in India. The spending for digital marketing in the year 2013 was $0.57 Billion. &nbsp;This figure is expected to increase up to $2.17 Billion in the year 2019.&nbsp; The paper starts with reviewing historical background to utilization of online marketing; different kinds of internet marketing, then, will be shed light upon the digital marketing importance, scopes in future, opportunities and challenges, such as problems of security, privacy, etc, emerged in the field of marketing from implementation of virtual space produces.&nbsp;</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Digital marketing scenario in India</div>

Background: Raillietina spp. is one of the cestodes class worms that attacks poultry. The Raillietina species that commonly attack poultry are Raillietina echinobothrida and R. tetragona. In general, R. echinobothrida and R. tetragona are usually identified using a light microscope, but in reality these two species are still difficult to differentiate using a light microscope because the size difference is too small and they have many differences. This study compared the ultrastructural morphology of R. echinobothrida and R. tetragona, which caused minor intestinal infections in native Gallus domesticus chickens that were purchased from different traditional markets in Sidoarjo Regency. 
&nbsp; 
Methods: A total 57 small intestines from native chickens (Gallus domesticus) that were sold at Tulangan, Larangan, Wonoayu, Krian and Suko Markets served as the samples for this study. Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the samples were inspected both macroscopic and microscopically. 
&nbsp; 
Result: With a prevalence of 57.89%, the results indicated that R. echinobothrida has a yellowish string-like body that is 16-23 cm long. It also has a round sucker and scolex that are both 0.07 x 0.08-0.08 x 0.09 mm in size, a rostellum that is armed with hooks that is 0.06 x 0.07-0.08 x 0.1 mm in size and an unsegmented, thick and short neck. The yellowish string-like body of R. tetragona, on the other hand, measures 20-28 cm in length. It has an oval scolex (0.16-0.2 mm in diameter), an oval sucker (0.04 x 0.09-0.05 x 0.01 mm in size), a rostellum armed with hooks that measures 0.03 x 0.05-0.04 x 0.06 mm and an unsegmented, thin, and long neck. Both R. echinobothrida and R. tetragona have a velvety, silky texture on their surface bodies. 
&nbsp;

Comparing the Ultrastructural Morphology of Raillietina tetragona and Raillietina echinobothrida in Local Hens at Sidoarjo Regency with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

<div style="text-align: justify;">An attempt has been made in the present study to explore the potential of Spirulina, a cyanobacterium, photoautotrophic microorganism in initiating a stimulatory effect on the microflora of Probiotic yoghurt. Probiotic yoghurt was prepared by adding 1 percent inoculum of probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum to yoghurt cultures viz., Streptococcus. salivarius ssp. thermophilus &nbsp;and &nbsp;Lactobacillus. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. Spirulina enriched functional Probiotic yoghurt was prepared by using 1 gram of Spirulina per litre of mix.The pH and acidity of probiotic yoghurt and Spirulina enriched Probiotic yoghurt on 0 day was 4.31&plusmn; 0.007, 0.96&plusmn; 0.002 and 4.31&plusmn; 0.009, 0.96&plusmn; 0.005 respectively. On the 3rd it was 4.30 &plusmn; 0.003, 0.96 &plusmn; 0.004 and 4.31 &plusmn; 0.004, 0.96&plusmn; 0.005 respectively. There was no significant difference in the pH and acidity of Probiotic and Spirulina enriched yoghurt between these 2 sampling periods. The pH and acidity of probiotic yoghurt and spirulina enriched probiotic yoghurt on the 7th day was 4.28 &plusmn; 0.001, 1.11 &plusmn; 0.030 and 4.31 &plusmn; 0.004, 1.02 &plusmn; 0.023 respectively. Significant difference was noticed in pH and acidity in these two treatments on 7th day. The Spirulina enriched sample was less acidic than Probiotic yoghurt. There was virtually no difference in viable numbers of S. salivarius ssp. thermophilus, L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Bifidobacterium bifidum on 0 and 3rd day. &nbsp;However the growth of the three lactic acid bacteria used was higher in Spirulina enriched yoghurt than in Probiotic yoghurt on the 7th day. The addition of cyanobacterial bio mass to Bifidobacterium bifidum, S. salivarius ssp. &nbsp;thermophilus and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus &nbsp;had beneficial effect on their viability. No spoilage organism was detected at any sampling time, indicating the high degree of sanitation during processing and packaging products. Thus the abundance of bioactive substances in Spirulina is of great importance from a nutritional point of view as it provides new opportunity for the manufacture of functional dairy foods.</div>

Combining Virtual Reality with Horticulture Therapy for Shift Work Disorder among Healthcare Security Personnel

Perceived benefits and constraints analysis of ‘VASAT’ an ‘ICT’ initiative in India

Digitalization in the Agricultural Sector: Case Study of Bihar and Haryana

Effect of Intercropping Mango with Lemongrass and Screwpine on the Soil Carbon Dioxide Flux and Soil Microbial Density

Predicted and In vitro Effect of Deltamethrin on Bone Marrow Progenitors

Climate Smart Livestock Production - Call for Food Security: A Review

Pest and Disease Related Post-Harvest Losses in Rice: A Review

Digital marketing scenario in India

Comparing the Ultrastructural Morphology of Raillietina tetragona and Raillietina echinobothrida in Local Hens at Sidoarjo Regency with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Functional Probiotic Yoghurt with Spirulina