<div style="text-align: justify;">Antioxidant status determines the susceptibility of tissues to the oxidative stress associated with diabetes and its complications; hence in the present study antioxidant status was explored in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with vanadium in the form of vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles. Vanadium pentoxide and vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles at the dose rate of 5mg/kg were administered orally in STZ (50mg/Kg) induced diabetic rats for 30 days and glimepiride (reference drug) was administered orally at the dose rate of 800 &igrave;g/kg body weight. Vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles significantly reduced the blood glucose levels than the diabetic control and other treatment group of rats. On exploration of antioxidant status in liver, kidney and pancreas tissues, vanadium in the form of vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles outperformed the vanadium pentoxide by increasing the activities of the enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and the concentration of reduced glutathione and by decreasing the lipid peroxide levels. The present study also showed that the restoration of antioxidant status by vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles is comparable with that of the reference drug. It can be concluded that vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles, due to its superior control over hyperglycemia and antioxidant properties, outperformed the vanadium pentoxide treatment in enhancing the antioxidant status in diabetic rats.</div>

Antioxidant Status in STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with Vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles<br />&nbsp;

<div style="text-align: justify;">An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of dietary vanadium supplementation on feed intake, efficiency of nutrient utilization, growth performance, blood biochemical constituents and endocrine status in male Sahiwal calves. The vanadium concentration in some common feed ingredients was also estimated. Twenty male Sahiwal calves were randomly selected and divided on body weight (71&plusmn;8.06 kg) and age (6&plusmn;0.82 months) equalization into 4 different groups (n = 5). The treatments were given with 0, 2, 4 and 8 ppm of vanadium in GP-I, GP-II, GP-III and GP-IV, respectively for a duration of hundred and twenty days and subjected to analysis of variance in completely randomized design (CRD). Green fodder and deoiled seed cakes were found rich in vanadium content than grains and by-products. The dietary supplementation of vanadium did not affect the feed intake, digestibility of nutrients, average daily gain and feed efficiency. Plasma glucose level was increased (p &lt;0.05) in GP-III and GP-1V without (p&gt;0.05) affecting insulin level .The total protein, AST and ALT were unaffected by V supplementation. GP-IV showed higher (p &lt;0.05) IGF-1 levels, whereas GP-III and GP-1V recorded higher (p &lt; 0.05) ALP activity in comparison to GP-I (control) and GP-II. The level of triglycerides decreased in a dose dependent way, however, the cholesterol concentration showed a declining (p &lt; 0.05) trend with the increasing vanadium concentration in the diet. It may be concluded that the dietary vanadium supplementation elicits the metabolic profile specially glucose and lipid metabolism of growing calves which in turn may have implications on further growth performance.&nbsp;</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Influence of Dietary Vanadium Supplementation on Nutrient Utilisation, Growth Performance and Blood Biochemical Parameters in Sahiwal Calves</div>