Background: At the present time, various technologies have been used in the development of modern agriculture. The technology used to help in the development of agricultural farms is called a smart farm. Mashed Mushroom is a food due to their usefulness and high nutritional and good income, as this result, the researcher was interested in the use of technology and innovation of smart farms in the mashed mushroom cultivation house and find a mathematical model of the optimum temperature and humidity for growing mashed mushrooms. Furthermore, find a mathematical model of the yield amount of mashed mushrooms against temperature and humidity. 
 
Methods: There are 5 methods in this research, to be composed of studying the problem, planning the operation process, using technology and innovation in smart farms, collecting data and finally finding a mathematical model of the optimum temperature and humidity for growing mashed mushrooms. In addition, a mathematical model of the yield of mashed mushrooms was obtained.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The results showed that the mathematical model of the optimum temperature for mashed mushroom was T= 0.3267t3-2.83t2+7.1433t+20, the most appropriate temperature was 24.95&plusmn;5.557&deg;C at the average andthe mathematical model of the optimum humidity for mashed mushroom was H= -0.8417t3+4.82-0t2.1883t+59.65, the most appropriate humidity was 74.58&plusmn;15.451% at the average. In addition, the mathematical model of product yield of mashed mushrooms was&nbsp;<img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" />= -1.479+0.055T+0.028H when temperature T and humidity H were determined.

Mathematical Model for Optimum Temperature and Humidity Determination of Mashed Mushroom in Greenhouses by using Smart Farm Technology and Innovation

Background: Smart Farming Technology (SFT) employs advanced tools and techniques to enhance agricultural productivity and quality. Despite its potential, the acceptance and understanding of SFT among farmers are influenced by factors such as geographical location, education level, income and awareness. This study focuses on small-scale farmers in Jangoan mandal, Telangana State, to explore their perspectives and practices concerning SFT. Given the digital technology gap in agriculture, this research is crucial for enhancing food availability, promoting rural development and providing valuable insights for policymaking. 
 
Methods: The study employed a descriptive analysis method, interviewing a sample of 252 out of 18,465 farmers using a semi-structured interview schedule. Spanning from 2022 to 2024. The interview schedule included semi-structured and structured questions to assess farmers&rsquo; knowledge, practices and understanding of SFT. The topics covered SFT techniques, awareness of SFT&rsquo;s benefits and challenges, sources of information and training and perceptions of SFT&rsquo;s impact. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software to provide insights into SFT adoption among farmers. 
 
Result: Focusing on socio-economic and technological aspects. Results show that 79% of farmers believe SF reduces harvesting time and reliance on synthetic pesticides, while 72% assert that relevant regulations enhance biodiversity. Despite 82% recognizing the adverse effects of excessive chemical fertilizer use on soil and water quality and 80% willing to adopt alternative methods, only 6% report substantial annual incomes from agriculture. While 74% view SFT as strategic for crop management, many face storage and implementation challenges. This research highlights the need for comprehensive support from governments and agricultural institutions to bridge the digital technology gap, enhance food availability and promote sustainable agricultural development.

Assessing the Impact of Smart Farming Technology on Small-Scale Farmers: A Case Study of Jangoan Mandal, Telangana State

Background: Smart farming uses information and communication technology (ICT) to optimize crop and livestock environments. It is applied in greenhouses, vinyl houses, and livestock barns. By collecting data on crop growth and environmental conditions, smart farms create optimal growth environments. This leads to higher productivity and better quality with less labor, energy, and nutrient input than traditional farming methods. In Korea, crop production has declined due to fewer farmers, and over 80% of agricultural products are imported. The low birth rate and aging population are worsening the shortage of agricultural workers. It is predicted that Korea could face a food shortage in three years due to low self-sufficiency. Smart farms are seen as a solution. They can be implemented in urban areas and are considered a profitable model due to their high production potential. 
&nbsp; 
Methods: Nutrient machines are a vital part of smart farming. They dilute and supply essential nutrients for crop growth. However, different machines require varying nutrient ratios, which complicates crop management. To address this, a recipe program has been developed. It automatically adjusts nutrient ratios according to the user&rsquo;s standard settings. This ensures uniform nutrient delivery, regardless of the type of machine used. 
&nbsp; 
Result: The recipe program is expected to improve crop production. It ensures consistent nutrient supply, optimizing growth conditions. It also enhances user convenience by standardizing nutrient management across different machines, reducing complexity in crop cultivation.

A Study on the Standardization of Smart Farm Communication

<div style="text-align:justify">Background: Agricultural technology is an innovated, invented and discovered material that assists people and the country for improving production and productivity. Conventional agricultural technologies were practiced in the country in sustainable agriculture. A large number of inventions from several research and development projects were evolved and discovered that help in boosting transformation of sustainable agriculture into modern agriculture.&nbsp; 
Methods: The agriculture technology is currently utilized in the dairy farming, poultry farming and organic farming. The working principles of agriculture technology were glanced from the dairy farming, poultry farming and organic farming and collected from the Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Punjab and Gujarat.&nbsp;&nbsp; 
Result: The control of fly, milking parlours, calf care, young stock housing, hygiene, milk testing technologies etc are currently utilized into the dairy farming in rural India. The robots carries out ding dirty work, flock protection using drones and use of sensors for monitoring and management are applied in the poultry animals. The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) contributes at production and management in dairy farming and poultry farming. It imposes crop development and management and sprays adequate organic chemicals in the crop field. The effective and less expensive technologies like neem based preparations, concentrated organic manure, organic formulations for seed treatment and plant protection, broad-spectrum botanical pesticides and many more have been developed that promote organic agriculture.</div>

Advancement of Agricultural Technology in Farming of India

<div>Background: Weather monitoring is an important aspect of crop cultivation for reducing economic loss while increasing productivity. Weather is the combination of current meteorological components, such as temperature, wind direction and speed, amount and kind of precipitation, sunshine hours and so on. The weather defines a time span ranging from a few hours to several days. The periodic or continuous surveillance or the analysis of the status of the atmosphere and the climate, including parameters such as temperature, moisture, wind velocity and barometric pressure, is known as weather monitoring. Because of the increased usage of the internet, weather monitoring has been upgraded to smart weather monitoring. The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the new technology that can help with many precision farming operations. Smart weather monitoring is one of the precision agriculture technologies that use sensors to monitor correct weather. The main objective of the research is to design a smart weather monitoring and real-time alert system to overcome the issue of monitoring weather conditions in agricultural farms in order for farmers to make better decisions.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: Different sensors were used in this study to detect temperature and humidity, pressure, rain, light intensity, CO2 level, wind speed and direction in an agricultural farm and real time clock sensor was used to measured real time weather data. The major component of this system was an Arduino Uno microcontroller and the system ran according to a program written in the Arduino Uno software. 
 
Result: This is a low-cost smart weather monitoring system. This system&rsquo;s output unit were a liquid crystal display and a GSM900A module. The weather data was displayed on a liquid crystal display and the GSM900A module was used to send the data to a mobile phone. This smart weather station was used to monitor real-time weather conditions while sending weather information to the farmer&rsquo;s mobile phone, allowing him to make better decisions to increase yield.</div>

An IoT based Low-cost Weather Monitoring System for Smart Farming

Background: Women play a critical role in both household management and agricultural production in rural Bangladesh. In Dumuria Upazila, Khulna district, it is well known that women dairy farmers contribute significantly to household income and food security. However, they face socio-economic and gender-based barriers that affect their access to resources, decision-making power and adoption of modern technologies. This study explores gender roles, access to credit, ownership perception and the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices among women dairy farmers, who spend their time mostly on the farming. 
&nbsp; 
Methods: A qualitative interviewfor gender analysis was conducted among 133 women dairy farmers selected from a broader population of 3,050 women aged 20 to 89 years in Dumuria Upazila of Khulna district. The family income of those farmers comes mostly from dairy farming. Data were collected through 12 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and 3 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) on demographics, household size, educational background, farming experience, access to credit, financial and decision-making involvement, asset perception and adoption of climate-smart technologies. The responses were analyzed to understand the gender dynamics and socio-economic conditions affecting the livelihood of those women. 
&nbsp; 
Result: The higher number of the respondents (44 farmers, 33%) were aged between 30-49. Women managed both household and farming responsibilities, with family sizes ranged from 2 to 10 members and dairy farming experience ranging from new entrants to over 30 years. Educational attainment varied. Only 35 (26.31%) respondents had access to credit. Nevertheless, women showed increasing involvement in financial decisions and milk distribution. Although most assets were officially registered in their husbands&rsquo; names, 131 (98.50%) women perceived the assets as their own. Joint decision-making in income management was common, though in households with elders or in-laws decisions were largely elder-driven.Regarding climate-smart technologies, only 14 (10.5%) respondents acknowledged familiarity. Nine (6.77%) used biogas plants and two used biogas combined with vermi-composting. Other mentioned to include rubber mats, water pumps and fans-suggesting unintentional use of such technologies. However, 64 (48%) respondents were unaware, 53 (39.85%) marked &ldquo;N/A,&rdquo; and one responded negatively, highlighting a major awareness gap in climate-smart farming practices.It was concluded from the findings that while women in dairy farming are increasingly participating in financial and household decision-making, their formal financial empowerment, such as buying assets in their names or opening fixed deposit in bank and access to climate-smart technologies remain limited, with a significant awareness gap in sustainable farming practices underscoring the need for targeted education and support interventions. 
&nbsp;

Empowering Women in Dairy Farming: Gender Roles, Challenges and Climate Smart Practices in Southern Bangladesh

Background: Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and many other desired products by the cultivation of certain plants. The practice of agriculture is also known as &ldquo;farming&rdquo;. Agricultural technology refers to technology for the production of machines used on a farm to help with farming. Agricultural machineries have been designed for practically every stage of the agricultural process. They include machines for tilling the soil, planting seeds, irrigating the land, cultivating crops, protecting them from pests and weeds, harvesting, threshing grain, livestock feeding and sorting and packaging the products. Technology has played a big role in developing the agricultural industry. And women play major role in farming activities, which constitute nearly 43% of the world&rsquo;s agricultural labor force, which rises up to 70% in some countries. But they do not have adequate awareness and access to improved technologies to reduce their drudgery and improve productivity, unlike men. Hence the present study has been conducted to make a positive impact by empowering them and bring awareness. 
 
Methods: In this research study sample were selected on the basis of&nbsp; front line demonstration method to introduce&nbsp; the set of 7 drudgery reducing tools i.e. Paddy thresher, Twin wheel hoe, Serrated sickle, Vegetable collection bag, milking stand cum stool, stalk puller, Rack, were&nbsp; given to the farm women for exposure .These implements were given to 5 self help group of 50 farm women and data were collected from them regarding the awareness about the technologies before and after the front line Demonstration programmes.&nbsp; 
 
Result: Adoption levels were assessed after completion of a crop season. It was found that partial awareness was there about the improved equipment before training and awareness was in the random selected group after the training programs. About 80 per cent of the farm women have adopted the given technologies. This study can helpful for promotion of technology in gender perspective towards the challenges of farm women would help in reducing drudgery and occupational health problems of women workers in agriculture.&nbsp;

Awareness about Drudgery Reducing Technologies for Farm Women

Background: In response to global challenges like increasing food demand, climate changeand resource scarcity, there is a critical need for innovative agricultural methods. This study centers on Smart Farming and Precision Agriculture, which integrate technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), roboticsand data analytics. These technologies aim to optimize resource use, improve crop productivityand reduce environmental impact. Precision management, which involves tailoring farm inputs to specific field conditions, is central to this approach and is essential for promoting sustainable agriculture. 
 
Methods: This research was conducted over 2 years and 6 months at Amity University Uttar Pradesh, focusing on banana cultivation. The IoT-based system includes an Arduino UNO board, a SIM900 GSM module for data transmissionand a suite of sensors-soil moisture, temperature, humidity, PIR, NPK, pH and raindrop sensors. This configuration enables continuous monitoring and real-time data collection, allowing for informed decisions in farm management. Data is transmitted to a cloud-based platform for aggregation and analysis, enabling timely adjustments in irrigation, fertilizationand crop care based on real-time environmental and soil data. 
 
Result: The implementation of this smart farming system led to significant improvements in resource efficiency and crop monitoring. Water usage was reduced by approximately 25%, while fertilizer application decreased by around 30%, maintaining optimal soil pH levels of 5.5-6.5. These adjustments contributed to a 20% increase in crop yield over traditional methods. Remote monitoring allowed for prompt interventions, highlighting the system&rsquo;s potential for driving sustainable agriculture and addressing food demand challenges through IoT-driven solutions.

Enhancing Agricultural Efficiency Through Smart Farming and Internet of Things Enabled Precision Agriculture

<div style="text-align: justify;">Agriculture in future can be expected to be competitive, knowledge-intensive and market driven. Modern frontier technologies involving systems approach towards efficient crop and input management, land and water use planning are essential for Indian agriculture to meet the challenges in the present context. Further, increasing the productivity level of a pollution free technological factor of production is inevitable. With this concern the present study was carried out in North Eastern parts of Karnataka state, where the precision farming technology was implemented. Hence, an attempt has been made through present paper to study the extent of usage of precision farming technologies at farm level. The technologies implemented were GPS, GIS, variable rate applications of inputs, crop sensors etc. Adopters were aware of benefits of management aspects like size of grid, soil sampling, soil analysis, variable rate of application of fertilizers, laser levelling and harvesting by grids. But still, precision farming has yet to take its firm ground in India by moving from its infant stage. This is possible by dissemination of technology and its benefits by bringing awareness among farming community through efforts of Department of Agriculture by using SAUs and NGOs as channels.</div>

An overview of use of precision farming technologies by the farmers- A case study of North Eastern Karnataka

<div>Background: In the process of agricultural development, the prime mover is considered to be the new farming technology. Technology plays a pivotal role in every aspect of the agricultural phenomenon. It enhances productivity and transparency at every step of agricultural movements. Quality and quantity are managed through this facility which improves farmers&rsquo; socioeconomic status and mental health. From this perspective, technological involvement must be necessary with the human values. 
 
Methods: The study was conducted during 2019-21 to identify the role of different socio-economic variables and their correlation to the technology know-how of farm entrepreneurs of the Samastipur district of Bihar, India. Knowledge of the improved farm technology possessed by the farmers was considered a dependent variable and 17 socioeconomic and psychological variables were considered independent variables. 
 
Result: It was concluded from the study that variables like material possession of higher assets and more investment in irrigation were found to dominate in respect of the acquisition of knowledge about farm technology. Lack of formal education on the part of the farmers did not impede their acquisition of knowledge of the farm technology through available sources of communication. The human resources variables were found to influence the acquisition of knowledge by the respondents.</div>