<div>Background: Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is one of the most important cultivated legume crops with high nutritive value and agricultural importance. The productivity of blackgram is not adequate to meet the domestic demand of the growing Indian population. Consequently, there is an urgent need for enhancement of productivity through proper agronomic practices. With this background, a research was conducted to investigate the effect of liquid rhizobium with organic bio-stimulants on growth, yield attributes, yield and economics of irrigated blackgram.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: A field experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications during 2021 (Kharif and Rabi) season. The treatments include 100% RDF foliar application of Dasagavya, liquid rhizobium, fish amino acid, panchagavya, pink pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFM) and sea weed extract with different concentration (1% and 3%, respectively) in addition to control.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The experiment results revealed that the application of 100% RDF + liquid rhizobium @ 1% recorded higher growth characters viz., plant height (cm), number of branches plant-1, dry matter production (kg ha-1), leaf area index, yield attributes, grain and haulm yield (kg ha-1). Correlation and regression analysis also indicated that the yield attributes had a positive impact on the grain yield.&nbsp;</div>

​Effect of Liquid Rhizobium with Organic Bio-stimulants on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Leguminous Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

An experiment was conducted during 2009-2011 at College of Agriculture, Vellayani to evaluate growth, productivity and economics of amaranthus as influenced by the performance of bio-organic composite manure along with microbial consortium. Organic sources used for the preparation of bio organic composite manures were coir pith compost, poultry manure, neem cake, groundnut cake, ash, rock dust and microbial consortium. Composite organic manures analyzing at least 3% N and N: K ratio of 1:0.5 was selected for further study. Five mixtures (OM3, OM5, OM9, OM11, 0M13) satisfying the selection criteria were identified for the investigation. The results of growth characters revealed that T1 (coir pith compost &ndash; 50g, ground nut cake &ndash; 35g and ash &ndash; 15g) recorded the highest number of leaves per plant and highest dry matter production (25.6 plant-1 and 1481.92 kg ha-1 respectively) and highest leaf:stem ratio of 2.47 was registered in T5 (poultry manure- 50g, ground nut cake &ndash; 30g, rock dust- 19g and microbial consortium &ndash; 1g). Among the treatments maximum yield was obtained for the treatment T5 and it was on par with T1 and T2 (poultry manure- 50g, ground nut cake &ndash; 30g, rock dust- 20g). The study on economics shows that T5 registering net returns of Rs 130800/-per ha was the most economical treatment with B:C ratio 2.2.&nbsp;

Comparitive analysis of performance of bio-organic composite manures on growth, productivity and economics of amaranthus

<div>Background: Humic acid is a natural bio-stimulant, which has a major influence on growth and crop quality. Also, Magnetic water treatment enhances both crop productivity and quality, which leads to the efficient use of cultivated land by using water resources available for crop production. This study aims to determine the effects of magnetized water irrigation and application of humic acid with different concentrations as a bio-stimulation on tomato plants, Solanum Lycopersicon cv. Hybrid &ldquo;86&rdquo;. 
 
Methods: The experiment was conducted during the tow growing seasons of 2018 and 2019 at the Agricultural Experimental Station Farm at Abies region, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt. The experiment design was split-plot with three replications. Two irrigation water treatments (magnetized and non-magnetic water) were arranged in the main plots and four concentrations of humic acid (0, 1, 2 and 3 g L-1) were distributed over sub-plots. 
 
Result: The results showed that irrigation with magnetized water had a positive effect on the vegetative growth traits, yield and its components and the quality of tomato fruits parameters. There was also a clear desirable effect of humic acid addition with different concentrations, as the results indicated that the use of the highest concentration of humic acid (3 g L-1) reflected the highest values for all the studied traits. The results of the interaction between irrigation with magnetized water and application of humic acid showed that the best results and the highest values for all studied characters were recorded when using magnetic water (MW) combined with 3 g L-1 of humic acid (HA), without significant differences from the interaction treatment MW combined with 2 g L-1 HA for most traits. However, the two treatments combinations MW with 2 g L-1 HA and Non-MW with 3 g L-1 HA didn&rsquo;t significant differ from each other for all studied characters at the two growing seasons. These results indicated that using the magnetic water with humic acid led to the possibility of reducing the amount of humic acid by one-third and enhances both crop productivity and quality of tomato plants. Generally, we can recommend using magnetized water irrigation with humic acid addition at concentration of 3.g L-1 or 2.g L-1 to enhance the productivity and quality of the tomato plant.&nbsp;</div>

<div>Enhancing the Productivity and Quality of Tomato using Magnetized Water and Humic Acid as Bio-stimulant Agents</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">Organic farming is an internationally regulated, legally enforced and standardized alternative agricultural paradigm that relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions with the aim of sustaining the health of soils, ecosystems and people. Organic farming utilizes various naturally obtaining substances such as manures, bio-fertilizers. Widely recognized among them are manures and bio-fertilizers. Conventionally they are applied as a solid and carrier based, but modern approach of applying in liquid form is gaining reputation. Application in liquid form facilitates better release of nutrients, enhancement of soil microbial activity, improvement of soil aggregation, soil properties and soil health. Some of the famous liquid manures are jeevamruth, panchagavya, beejamruth, vermiwash, humic acid and sea weed extract. Based on these evidences this paper explores the effectiveness, importance and limitations of most commonly used organic liquid manures. This paper also explains about the usage of liquid bio-fertilizers and their advantages.</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">Organic Liquid Manures and Bio-Fertilizers: A Tool for Soil and Crop Productivity</div>

<div>Background: Soil acidity, low soil nutrient status and low nitrogen fixing inoculants as a result of poor soil fertility management practices are the major constraints in soybean production in Assosa Zone, particularly in Assosa and Bambassi districts. Hence, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of bio-, organic and inorganic NPSB fertilizers and lime on soil physico- chemical properties.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: During the period 2019-2020 factorial combinations of two bio-fertilizer inoculants [without bio-fertilizer (B1) and SB12 plus MAR1495 bio-fertilizer at their recommended rates of 500 g ha-1 (B2); two organic fertilizers without fresh cattle manure (M1) and fresh cattle manure at 10 t ha-1 (M2); two lime rates without lime (L1) and lime at 5 t ha-1 (L2); two inorganic NPSB fertilizers NPSB at 9.5-23-3.5-0.05 (F1) and NPSB at 19-46-7-0.1 (F2) at their recommended rates for soybean] were laid out in a&nbsp; randomized complete block design with three replications. Bulk density, pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, organic carbon and cation exchange capacity were collected and analyzed using SAS software version 9.1.3 and significant mean differences were separated using Duncan&rsquo;s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).&nbsp; 
 
Result: Bulk density, pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, organic carbon and cation exchange capacity were highly affected (P&lt;0.01) by the interactions of bio-, organic and inorganic fertilizers and lime. Finally, the interaction of SB12+MAR1495, 10t/ha fresh cattie manure, 5t/ha lime and NPSB at 19-46-7-0.1 improved the bulk density, pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, organic carbon and cation exchange capacity at both districts.</div>

Soil Physical and Chemical Properties as Affected by Bio-, Organic and Inorganic NPSB Fertilizers and Lime in Assosa Zone, Western Ethiopia

<div>Background: Changes in the climate of the world coupled with the indiscriminate application of chemical fertilizers are causing great challenges in agricultural production systems. However, such problems could be tackled by using bio-stimulants leading to the advancement of sustainable production. Thus, the current study was conducted with the purpose of improving quality traits and fruiting potential of tomato plants using albitbr&nbsp;bio-stimulant. 
 
Methods: The study involved seven doses of the albitbr&nbsp;bio-stimulant (0.1 L ha-1, 0.5 L ha-1, 1 L ha-1, 2.5 L ha-1, 5 L ha-1, 10 L ha-1&nbsp;and 50 L ha-1) applied on four tomato cultivars (Malets, Revansh, Talisman and Fonaric) to be compared against the control (lone water). The field was designed in a randomized block design and each treatment was replicated three times. Two plants were randomly selected from each plot for data collection. 
 
Result: Results indicated that Fonaric cultivar produced the highest significant values of carotenoid pigments, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll. In addition to this, the highest significant values of number of fruiting trusses per plant and number of fruits per truss were obtained from Malets cultivar. Albitbr&nbsp;bio-stimulant application resulted into significant differences on most of the parameters. Albitbr&nbsp;applied at 5 L ha-1&nbsp;produced the highest significant values of total chlorophyll (1.966 mg g-1), chlorophyll b (0.759 mg g-1), number of fruits per truss (3.812) beta carotene (2.509 mg 100 g-1) whereas the highest levels of chlorophyll a (1.263 mg g-1) and lycopene (15.45 mg 100 g-1) were obtained from 2.5 L ha-1&nbsp;and 10 L ha-1&nbsp;respectively.</div>

Developmental and Quality Traits of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.) Cultivars as Affected by Albitbr Bio-stimulant

<div style="text-align:justify">Background: Root rot of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] caused by Rhizoctonia solani is an important menace and causes significant economic losses in India and chemical pesticides are mostly used to overcome this problem. As per environment and health issues and demand of organic produce, the current study aimed to find the most effective control measure of this dreaded disease through eco-friendly approaches. 
 
Methods: The present field-laboratory investigations were conducted during 2018, to evaluate four bio-agents in vitro and in vivo (Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens) and five organic amendments in vivo namely wool waste (@ 50 q/ ha), human hair (@ 50 q/ ha), mustard cake (@ 5 q/ ha), castor cake (@ 6 q/ ha) and neem cake (@ 5 q/ ha) were evaluated.&nbsp; 
 
Result: Our investigations in vitro with bio-agents depicted that T. harzianum was highly inhibitory (62.65 %) followed by T. viride (48.52%). Seed-cum-soil application (6g/kg seed + 6kg/ha) of T. harzianum was found most superior in reducing disease incidence (74.03%) followed by Trichoderma viride (69.83%) while in organic amendments, neem cake (5 q/ha) was found highly effective (70.07%) followed by castor cake (64.40%), mustard cake, wool waste and least effective was human hair. Though, wool waste and human hair least effective in disease management but preliminarily results indicated encouraging response with dual action, one in reducing disease and another in increasing plant biomass that open the future scope of further more sustainable experimentations. The findings of this study can be utilized to manage the disease effectively and eco-friendly.</div>

​Evaluation of Bio-control Agents and Organic Amendments for Managing Root Rot (Rhizoctonia solani) of Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)

<div>Background: Recognizing the adverse impact of excessive use of chemicals on soil health, human health and environment, Government is promoting production of organic crops, fruits and vegetables etc. through various schemes. Demand for organic food items is also on the rise during the last few years. Number of cow-based bio-enhancers and botanicals have been developed by innovative organic growers/ associations and NGOs. But very meagre scientific information is available regarding such formulations. Hence, to incorporate these products in organic farming module, the present experiment was conducted. 
 
Methods: A field experiment was conducted in summer season of 2017 to 2019 at Junagadh, Gujarat, India with cow-based bio-enhancers (Panchagavya, Bijamrut, Jivamrut, Amrutpani, Sanjivak and cow urine) and botanicals (Seaweed extract and Banana pseudo stem sap) in randomized block design with three replications. The cow-based formulations were prepared on farm as per the procedure given by National Centre for Organic Farming, Ghaziabad and botanicals viz., banana pseudo stem extract and seaweed extract (Kappaphycus alvarezii) were obtained from Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari and Junagadh Agricultural University, Okha. 
 
Result: The results revealed that application of FYM @ 5 t/ha significantly enhanced growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, number of branches/plant, number and dry weight of nodules/plant, number of mature pods/plant, pod weight/plant and shelling percentage and ultimately produced significantly higher pod (1823 kg/ha) and haulm (3270 kg/ha) yields, followed by Panchagavya as foliar spray @ 3% at 30, 45 and 60 DAS (1582 and 2846 kg/ha) and seaweed extract as foliar spray @ 3.5% at 30, 45 and 60 DAS (1423 and 2570 kg/ha). Application of FYM, Panchagavya and seaweed extract also increased uptake of NPK by pod and haulm over the control, while different treatments failed to affect the post-harvest soil fertility except available P which is higher under FYM, Jivamrut, Amrutpani and Sanjivak over the control. Overall, application of FYM and Panchagavya accrued higher net return of ₹ 55285 and ₹ 46229/ha with B:C of 2.21 and 2.12, respectively.</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">Organic Cultivation of Summer Groundnut using Cow-based Bio-enhancers and Botanicals</div>

Background: Bio-fertilizers may be used to maintain soil fertility and soil improvement.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: In this study involving 12 treatments and 3 replications was conducted in Tehran, Iran. The experiment was conducted in 2018&ndash;2019 as a randomized complete block design. The treatments were 1- vermicompost (10 t/ha), 2- nitroxin, 3- bio-superphosphate, 4- biosulfur, 5- vermicompost + nitroxin, 6- vermicompost + bio-superphosphate, 7- vermicompost + biosulfur, 8- nitroxin + bio-superphosphate, 9- nitroxin + biosulfur, 10- bio-superphosphate + biosulfur, 11- chemical fertilizer and 12- control (without fertilizer).&nbsp; 
 
Result: The results showed that the treatments had a significant impact on the characteristics examined such as the highest plant height (75.3 cm) in the treatment combining vermicompost and biological superphosphate and the highest number of shoots/plant. The highest concentration of N in seeds (2.92%) was obtained when plants were treated with nitroxin and biosulfur and the highest concentration of P in seeds (0.83%) when treated with biological superphosphate. In addition, the highest K content in seeds (4.06%) and grain yield (1297.5 kg.ha-1) were found in the treatment of nitroxin and bio-superphosphate, as well as the content of essential oil (0.32%). and the yield of essential oils (2.89 kg.ha-1) was obtained when treated with nitroxin. Consequently, Bio-organic fertilizers can be considered as an alternative to chemical fertilizers in organic coriander cultivation.&nbsp;

The Effect of Utilizing Different Types of Organic and Bio-Fertilizers on Growth, Elements Concentration, Seed Yield and Essential Oil of Coriandrum sativum L.

Background: Banana peel, a major by-product of banana consumption, is rich in plant nutrients and bioactive compounds with potential applications as a natural bio-stimulant in agriculture. Black gram (Vigna mungo) is an important pulse crop and its growth could be positively influenced by organic inputs. This study investigates the effects of aqueous extracts of various banana peel varieties on black gram germination and seedling development. 
 
Methods: Peels from five banana cultivars (Morris, Rasthali, Green, Nendran and Red banana) were soaked in distilled water (1:2 w/v) for 24 hours to prepare 5% and 10% aqueous extracts. These were tested alongside distilled water as a control in a seed germination assay using the paper towel method. Eleven treatments, each with three replicates, were evaluated for parameters including germination rate, root and shoot length, total seedling length, leaf number, fresh and dry weights and vigor indices I and II. response Index (RI) was used to assess treatment effectiveness relative to control. 
 
Result: Overall, 5% peel extracts had a more favorable impact on seedling growth than 10% extracts. F2 (Morris 5%) and F4 (Rasthali 5%) showed the highest values in root length (7.90 cm), shoot length (21.12 cm), total length (28.10 cm) and vigor index-I (2248). F6 (Green 5%) exhibited the highest dry weight (0.33 g) and vigor index-II (26.48). Among 10% extracts, F7 (Nendran 10%) had the highest fresh, dry weights and highest vigor index-II (27.36). Most treatments had a positive Response Index, supporting the stimulatory potential of banana peel extracts on the growth of black gram. 
&nbsp;

Effect of Liquid Rhizobium with Organic Bio-stimulants on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Leguminous Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

Comparitive analysis of performance of bio-organic composite manures on growth, productivity and economics of amaranthus

Enhancing the Productivity and Quality of Tomato using Magnetized Water and Humic Acid as Bio-stimulant Agents

Organic Liquid Manures and Bio-Fertilizers: A Tool for Soil and Crop Productivity

Soil Physical and Chemical Properties as Affected by Bio-, Organic and Inorganic NPSB Fertilizers and Lime in Assosa Zone, Western Ethiopia

Developmental and Quality Traits of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.) Cultivars as Affected by Albit^br Bio-stimulant

Evaluation of Bio-control Agents and Organic Amendments for Managing Root Rot (Rhizoctonia solani) of Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)

Organic Cultivation of Summer Groundnut using Cow-based Bio-enhancers and Botanicals

The Effect of Utilizing Different Types of Organic and Bio-Fertilizers on Growth, Elements Concentration, Seed Yield and Essential Oil of Coriandrum sativum L.

Bio Stimulant Potential of Different Banana Peel Aqueous Extracts on Black Gram (Vigna mungo)