<div style="text-align: justify;">Field investigations were conducted during 2015 and 2016 kharif seasons at the experimental farm of ICAR, Nagaland Centre, Medziphema to study weed growth and nutrient uptake in organically managed rice and maize as affected by N management and live mulching with cowpea. The experiment was laid out in factorial RBD with two kharif crops viz., rice (C1) and maize (C2), two organic N management viz., vermicompost @ 2 t/ha (N1) and vermicompost @ 2.7 t/ha (N2) and two mulches viz., control (No mulching) (L1) and live mulching with cowpea (L2). The dominant weed species observed were Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria setigera, Ageratum conyzoides, Amaranthus viridis, Cyperus iria and Cyperus rotundus. Weed density, dry weight and NPK uptake was found to be significantly lower in maize compared to rice during both years. Weed growth and NPK uptake was also found to be significantly higher with application of vermicompost @ 2.7 t/ha (N2) compared to 2 t/ha (N1) whereas, significantly lower weed growth as well as NPK uptake was also recorded with cowpea live mulch (L2) as compared to no mulching (L1). Cowpea live mulch (L2) with application of vermicompost @ 2 t/ha (N1) was found to record significantly lower NPK uptake by weeds in both crops. Yield and yield attributes of rice and maize were observed to be higher under cowpea live mulch with application of vermicompost @ 2.7 t/ha (N2).</div>

Weed growth and nutrient uptake in organically managed rice and maize as affected by nitrogen management and live mulching with cowpea

<div style="text-align: justify;">Soybean (Glycine max) is a leguminous crop grown worldwide for its dual qualities viz. high protein and oil content.&nbsp; It contains about 40-42% protein and 20-22% oil and is one of the major cash crop of rainy season.The plant growth parameters like plant height, leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter accumulation of soybean increased with application of nitrogen from 30-80 kg N ha-1. Nodule number and nodule dry weight increased with application of 40 kg N ha-1and decreased afterwards whereas, yield and yield attributes of soybean increased with the application of nitrogen upto 100 kg ha-1. Application of nitrogen from 40-80 kg N&nbsp; ha-1as basal dose resulted in increase in protein content. The split application of nitrogen as basal and at reproductive stages also resulted in increase in protein content. However, oil content decreased with increasing level of nitrogen. The oil content increased with application of nitrogen upto 40 kg N ha-1. Application of nitrogen also improved soil properties like organic carbon, available NPK and saturated hydraulic conductivity.</div>

Nitrogen management in Soybean: A Review

<div>Indian livestock sector is one of the largest in the world and fodder is vital component of profitable animal production. Legumes are one of the predominant crops of mixed crop-livestock systems providing highly nutritious fodder as well as contributing soil fertility. Nevertheless, the fodder production and quality in the country is not adequate to meet out the prerequisite of growing livestock population. Optimum nutrition is thus required for getting the maximum forage yield and quality. Nutrient Management is propounded as a promising strategy for addressing such challenges. Microbial inoculants being an important component of integrated nutrient management are eco-friendly and economical sources of nutrient. The benefit of combining organic and inorganic sources of nutrients in integrated nutrient management has proved superior to the use of each component individually. Thus, the present review will feature the need of integrated nutrient management, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as microbial inoculants, role of microbial inoculants in integrated nutrient management of various leguminous crops and emerging examples of integrated nutrient management in cowpea. The realization attained from literature assessed herein will further help to understand the role of microbial inoculants in integrated nutrient management. &nbsp;</div>

<div>Integrated nutrient management in cowpea with the application of microbial inoculants</div>

Background: There is little information on the effect of interaction between grazing intensity and nitrogen fertilization on the productive characteristics of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam). The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of grazing intensity and nitrogen fertilization on the productive characteristics of ryegrass pasture in a crop-livestock integration system.&nbsp; 
 
Methods:&nbsp;A randomized complete block experimental design with a 2 &times; 2 &times; 5 factorial arrangement was used, with three replications. The study factors were two management grass heights, low height (LH = 10 cm) and high height (HH = 25 cm), two different nitrogen fertilization times (NP = nitrogen applied to pasture and NG = nitrogen applied to grains crop) and five evaluation periods.&nbsp; 
 
Result:&nbsp;The forage mass was higher at higher handling heights and with lower stocking rate (HH = 3995 kg DM ha-1). The forage density tended to be higher in the plots with lower grass height and nitrogen fertilization (LH = 193.5 and NP = 184.7 kg DM ha-1 cm-1). The highest accumulation rate (AR) and forage production (FP) was observed in managed pastures with HHNP (AR = 120.4 kg DM ha-1 day-1; FP = 18471 kg DM ha-1). The management of grass with HHNP provided higher forage mass, higher accumulation rate and higher dry matter production in ryegrass pasture, due to an adequate stocking rate.

Production Characteristics of Ryegrass Pasture under Different Intensities of Grazing and Nitrogen Fertilization in Integrated Crop-livestock Systems

<div>Background: A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive Rabi (winter) seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India to assess the impact of wheat varieties and integrated nutrient management practices on nutrient content and uptake and soil nutrient status. The soil of the experimental plot was loamy sand in texture, low in organic carbon (0.24%), available nitrogen (159 kg/ha) and Zn (0.41 mg/kg), medium in available phosphorus (38.90 kg/ha) and high in available potash (287 kg/ha). 
 
Methods: Experiment was laid out in a Factorial RBD with three replications, consist of four wheat varieties viz. GW 273, GW 322, GW 451 and GW 496 and six integrated nutrient management (INM) practices viz. control, 100% RDF, 100% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB, 75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB, 75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + ZnSO4 and 50% RDF + 25% N through FYM + Azotobacter + PSB + ZnSO4.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The pooled results indicated that uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by grain and straw, grain yield and straw yield were found higher with wheat variety GW 451 as compared to other wheat varieties. Nutrient content in grain and straw was not significantly affected by different wheat varieties. Among nutrient management practices, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, uptake, grain yield and straw of wheat were significantly higher under application of 100% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB. Further, result revealed that different wheat varieties did not bring any significant variation in available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and organic carbon content in soil. Moreover, highest available nitrogen and phosphorus in soil was recorded with the application of 100% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB. However, significantly higher organic carbon and zinc content in soil was observed under 50% RDF + 25% N through FYM + Azotobacter + PSB +ZnSO4.</div>

Effect of Wheat Varieties and Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Nutrient Content, Uptake and Soil Nutrient Status

<div>Background: Integrated nutrient management is considered as one of the major tools in agricultural production worldwide. Occupying 3.5% of gross cropped area (GCA), maize accounts for 2.3% of total fertilizer consumption. Despite its soil status, little is known about the application and dosage of integrated nutrient in the experimental hybrid maize crop in the region. Any strategy against this nutrient deterioration must have a good knowledge of the composition and application of integrated nutrient source utilized. The field study aimed to study the integrated nutrient management in hybrid maize of this region to evaluate the performance in growth, yield and nutrient related problems. 
 
Methods: A Field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2018, at experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu. India. Thirteen treatments with three replications were laid out in randomized block design. The treatments combinations were T1: Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) 135:62.5:50 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1, T2: RDF + Beema green granules (25 kg ha-1) as soil application, T3: 75% RDF + Beema green granules (25 kg ha-1) as soil application, T4: RDF + Uphaar (250gm ha-1) as foliar spray twice, T5: RDF + Beema green granules (25 kg ha-1) soil application + Uphaar (250gm ha-1) foliar spray twice, T6: 75% RDF + Beema green granules (25 kg ha-1) soil application + Uphaar (250gm ha-1) foliar spray twice, T7: RDF + Tracel (3.75kgha-1) foliar spray twice, T8: RDF + Beema green granules (25 kg ha-1) soil application + Tracel (3.75kg ha-1) foliar spray twice, T9: 75% RDF + Beema green granules (25 kg ha-1) soil application + Tracel (3.75kg ha-1) foliar spray twice, T10: RDF + Uphaar (250gm ha-1) first and Tracel (3.75kg ha-1) second foliar spray. T11: RDF + Beema green granules (25 kg ha-1) soil application + Uphaar (250gm ha-1) first and Tracel (3.75kg ha-1) second foliar spray, T12: 75% RDF + Beema green granules (25 kg ha-1) soil application + Uphaar (250gm ha-1) first and Tracel (3.75kg ha-1) second foliar spray, T13: RDF + water spray twice. The collected samples were statistically analyzed for cob length, cob diameter, grain no. /cob, grain yield, stover yield, available Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and Post-harvest nutrient status of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium.&nbsp; 
 
Result: Our investigation in the maize hybrid crop has confirmed us with unique results. Among the treatments RDF + Beema green granules (25 kg ha-1) soil application + Uphaar (250gm ha-1) first and Tracel (3.75kg ha-1) second foliar spray (T11) was highly significant with increased yield and yield attributes and was best in gross and net returns too. The present work will be a contribution to the comprehensive study of the integrated nutrient management in hybrid maize. &nbsp;</div>

<div>Production and Economics of Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.) under Integrated Nutrient Management Practices</div>

<div>Background: A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive summer seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat to assess the residual effect of wheat varieties and integrated nutrient management on growth, yield, economics and quality of green gram (Vigna radiata L.). The soil of the experimental plot was loamy sand in texture, low in organic carbon (0.24%), available nitrogen (159 kg/ha) and Zn (0.41 mg/kg), medium in available phosphorus (38.90 kg/ha) and high in available potash (287 kg/ha).&nbsp; 
 
Methods: During the period 2016-17 to 2017-18 the experiment was laid out in a Factorial RBD with three replications, consisted of four varieties GW 273 (V1), GW 322 (V2), GW 451 (V3) and GW 496 (V4) and six integrated nutrient management control (N1), 100% RDF (N2), 100% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB (N3), 75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB (N4), 75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + ZnSO4 (N5) and 50% RDF + 25% N through FYM + Azotobacter + PSB + ZnSO4 (N6). 
 
Result: The pooled results indicated that among the residual effect of nutrient management practices, application of 50% RDF (RDF; 120:60:00 kg NPK/ha) + 25% N through FYM + Azotobacter + PSB + ZnSO4 significantly improved growth parameters, yield attributes, seed yield (669 kg/ha) and stover yield (1406 kg/ha) over control and gained the highest net return (₹18538/ha) and benefit: cost ratio of 0.88.</div>

​​Residual Effect of Wheat Varieties and Integrated Nutrient Management on Productivity and Profitability of Green Gram under North Gujarat Agro-climatic Condition

Background: Nitrogen is a vital macronutrient critical for plant tissues and development, making a substantial contribution to the synthesis of proteins, chlorophyll and other essential cellular components. Green manuring, combined with varying nitrogen levels, provides an integrated approach to enhancing soil health and enhancing nutrient cycling. This study evaluates the influence of green manuring and various amounts of nitrogen were studied on the basmati rice for crop production, concerning on growth, grain yield. 
&nbsp; 
Methods: The field experiment was conducted during the kharif season 2023 at LPU, Punjab. A split-plot experimental design was used, with three replications for each treatment. The experimental treatments include four main plots: M0: Control (no green manuring), M1: Sesbania aculeata, M2: Crotalaria juncea, M3: Vigna unguiculata and four sub plots: N1: 0 kg ha-1, N2: 15 kg ha-1, N3: 30 kg ha-1, N4: 45 kg ha-1. 
&nbsp; 
Result: A significantly greater plant height (cm), number of tillers m-2, dry matter accumulation (q ha-1), number of effective tillers plant-1, number of grains panicle-1, length of panicle (cm) and grain yield (q ha-1) was recorded (39.7 q ha-1)under the execution of S. aculeata and with the 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (45 kg ha-1). The findings suggest that incorporating green manuring accompanied by optimal nitrogen levels enhances soil fertility, stimulating plant growth, increases basmati rice yield. These practices are fundamental for sustainable crop production and should be integrated into holistic nutrient management to ensure long-term agricultural productivity.

Integrating Nitrogen Levels and Green Manuring for Sustainable Basmati Rice Production

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2011-12 on &nbsp;heavy black soil to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of baby corn. The treatments comprising all possible combinations of five levels of nitrogen (chemical and vermicompost fertilizer) with and without bio-fertilizer (Azotobacter and PSB) were laid out in randomized block design with three replications. These were significantly higher with application of 100% RDN from chemical fertilizer with bio-fertilizer over 100% RDN from vermicompost. The cob and fodder yields significantly differed with different integrated nutrient management treatment. Significantly the higher growth and yield attributes yield and fodder yield were recorded with the application of 100% RDF from chemical fertilizer with bio-fertilizer. Application of 100% RDN from chemical fertilizer with biofertilizer was recorded higher net returns over 100% RDN from vermicompost (Rs. 220775/ha) and BCR (12.54). &nbsp;

Effect of integrated nutrient management on &nbsp;baby corn (Zea mays L.)

<div>Background: Field pea (Pisam sativum L.) has high yield potential and is grown for food, feed and vegetable. To meet the need of pulses in human diet, the use of integrated crop management practices is indispensable. Therefore, integrated crop management practices are the only option for increasing the field pea production and sustainability. The current study aimed to study the effect the different crop management practices on growth, seed yield and economics of field pea crop. 
 
Methods: In this field experiments were conducted during rabi 2013-14 to 2015-16 at Research Farm of Pulse Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment consisted of eight crop management practices viz. control, NM (Nutrient Management): RDF (20:40 kg NP ha-1), WM (Weed Management): Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + one hand weeding at 30 DAS), PM (Pest Management): spray of quinalphos 25 EC one litre per ha in 250-300 litres of water as and when required, NM + WM, NM + PM, WM + PM, NM + WM + PM was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. 
 
Result: Our investigations under field study revealed that significantly taller plants and higher plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight, seed and straw yield were recorded under integration of NM + WM + PM being at par with that of integration of NM + WM over remaining crop management practices either singly or in combinations of both or control. Integration of NM + WM + PM recorded lower weeds dry weight (42.9 kg ha-1) at harvest and higher weed control efficiency (92.2%) compared to all other crop management practices. The practice of integration of NM + WM + PM gave highest net returns of `49196 ha-1 compared to other crop management practices.</div>

Weed growth and nutrient uptake in organically managed rice and maize as affected by nitrogen management and live mulching with cowpea

Nitrogen management in Soybean: A Review

Integrated nutrient management in cowpea with the application of microbial inoculants

Production Characteristics of Ryegrass Pasture under Different Intensities of Grazing and Nitrogen Fertilization in Integrated Crop-livestock Systems

Effect of Wheat Varieties and Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Nutrient Content, Uptake and Soil Nutrient Status

Production and Economics of Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.) under Integrated Nutrient Management Practices

Residual Effect of Wheat Varieties and Integrated Nutrient Management on Productivity and Profitability of Green Gram under North Gujarat Agro-climatic Condition

Integrating Nitrogen Levels and Green Manuring for Sustainable Basmati Rice Production

Effect of integrated nutrient management on baby corn (Zea mays L.)

Effect of Integrated Crop Management Practices on Growth, Seed Yield and Economics of Field Pea (Pisam sativum L.)