Background: The fertility capability classification (FCC) system has been used to group soils with the same kind of limitations from the point of view of fertility management in the Ganjigatti sub-watershed of Dharwad district of Karnataka.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: A detailed soil survey of the study area was carried out using a high-resolution satellite image (Worldview2 - 50cm SR) and cadastral maps. The image and scanned toposheet were geocoded and subsets were created in ArcGIS 10.8.2 at 1:7,920 scale. After correlating the soil properties of pedons, nine representative pedons were selected and presented in the present research paper. The information of nine soil series identified during the detailed soil survey has been analyzed into eight FCC units. 
 
Result: According to FCC, the representative pedons were classified as CRdmr+(MRK), LCdkr++ (UGK), LRdr++ (KMD), LRdemr+ (SSK), Cdr+ (KRK and MVD), LCdkr+ (BGH), Ldr+ (GJG) and Cbdmv (ASR). The major soil constraints identified through condition modifiers in the descending order were dry soil moisture (d), gravelliness (r), low organic carbon content (m), low K reserve (k), low cation exchange capacity (e), basic reaction (b) and vertic properties (v).&nbsp; By computing FCC units an attempt has been made to highlight the fertility constraints and measures to revert the situation for sustainable production.

Application of Fertility Capability Classification System to the Soils in the Ganjigatti Sub-watershed of Dharwad District, Karnataka

<div style="text-align: justify;">Dams or reservoirs have proven to be very beneficial for the sustained development of human beings since its evolution. The usefulness of dam depends upon its capacity to store water. Sedimentation is a process which involves deposition of silt carried by flowing water from erosion of soil of upstream catchment area. Sedimentation has proven to be very detrimental for the capacity of dams or reservoirs. Sedimentation results in huge loss of storage capacity of dams or reservoirs thus reducing its life. Many methods have developed to measure the reservoir sedimentation like hydrographic survey, inflow-outflow approaches, remote sensing method etc. Out of these, remote sensing method is widely used as it is very simple and involves very less human survey thus reducing the chances of error. In remote sensing method, revised water spread area at different levels of reservoir is calculated and used for computation of loss of capacities between these levels. The present study has been carried out on Kharkhara reservoirs situated in Chhattisgarh state. Multi&ndash;date satellite data of IRS-P6, LISS-III is used for Kharkhara dam to estimate revised capacity. The normalized difference water index (NDWI), band ratioing technique (BRT) and false color composite (FCC) along with field truth verification were used to differentiate water pixels from rest of image. As the revised water spread at dead storage and full reservoir levels were not available, best &ndash;fit curve has been used to get revised spreads on these levels. From the analysis, it has been observed that Kharkhara reservoir has lost 8.41 MCM of gross storage against its total capacity of 169.54 MCM during 50 years(1967-2017). The average rate of sedimentation in Kharkhara reservoir is 16.82 Ha-m per year.</div>

Application of Fertility Capability Classification System to the Soils in the Ganjigatti Sub-watershed of Dharwad District, Karnataka

Assessment of sedimentation in kharkhara reservoir using digital image processing techniques