<div>Background: The present investigation was carried out during the cropping season of year 2019-20 to find out the most suitable growing condition as well as variety of Asiatic lily for the production of bulbs/bulblets under Hisar (Haryana) conditions. 
 
Methods: The experiment was laid out in RBD (factorial) with three replications and twelve treatment combinations, comprising of three growing conditions (polyhouse of 200 &micro;, green shade-net of 50% shade and open field) and four varieties (Courier White, Tresor, Nova Lux and Red Stone). 
 
Result: These varieties of Asiatic lily when grown under polyhouse performed better in some parameters resulting in early bulb sprouting, maximum plant height and number of leaves/plant and the minimum days upto harvesting of bulbs, however, in other parameters viz. leaf length and width, weight of bulbs/plant, diameter of bulb and number of bulblets/plant, the shade-net condition was observed to be better than polyhouse. Overall, Tresor performed better, resulting in early bulb sprouting (5.11 days), minimum days (236.56) upto harvesting of bulbs and the maximum plant height (89.01 cm), number of leaves/plant (64.08), leaf length (9.50 cm), diameter of bulb (3.91 cm) and number of bulblets/plant (2.99)&nbsp;and it was followed by Red Stone which produced maximum weight of bulbs/plant (59.03 g) and observed next to Tresor in most of the parameters. Tresor grown under polyhouse took minimum days (231) upto the harvesting of bulbs, produced maximum plant height (115.13 cm) and number of leaves/plant (69.67)&nbsp;and it was closely followed by Red Stone grown under same condition. Further, under the shade-net, Red Stone produced maximum weight of bulbs/plant (65.30 g) followed by Tresor (63.93 g), while the maximum number of bulblets/plant (3.90) were produced by Tresor followed by Red Stone (3.44). Henceforth, Tresor and Red Stone when grown under polyhouse performed better in vegetative parameters and when grown under shade-net performed better in bulb parameters than the other combinations of growing conditions and varieties.</div>

​Effect of Different Growing Conditions and Genotypes on Growth and Bulb Parameters of Asiatic Lily

<div>Background: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the growth and bulb yield of shallot (Allium cepa L.) varieties grown by TSS with different population. 
 
Methods: This study was carried out in the low dry land at Laleten Village, Malaka District, NTT Province, Indonesia, from March to August 2018. We investigated different plant populations per planting hole using a split-plot design with two factors and four replications. The main plot was the varieties (Trisula and Bima Brebes) and the subplots were the seedling population (100, 200 and 300 plants/m2). 
 
Result: There was no interaction between varieties and population for any of the measured parameters. The population only affected the plant height at the beginning of plant growth. A high plant population (300 plants/m2) gave the highest production of single bulbs but was negatively correlated with the bulb weight. Trisula variety produced significantly more single bulbs than the Bima Brebes one. The establishment of the TSS-adapted varieties could be recommended in this area.</div>

<div>The Effect of True Shallot Seed (TSS) Varieties and Population on Growth and Bulb Yield</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Background: Problems shallot cultivation in tropical regions such as Indonesia, is low productivity. Planting material is one of the causes of low productivity. The planting material used is a bulb that has been used continuously. It is makes planting material susceptible to infectious diseases and viruses. Efforts can be made to reducing the attack of virus infections in the planting material of the bulbs is by using seeds. However, seed production in Indonesia is still low due to the difficulty of flowering and low viability of seeds. The aim of this research was to detect &nbsp;flowering ability from the source of bulbs flowering and non-flowering clumps using Hd3a primers and endogenous GA3, also the effect of age of bulbs to flowering of shallot. Methods: The study used a complete randomized block design. The treatment consisted of two factors with three replications. The first factor was source of bulbs flowering and non-flowering clumps. The second factor was age bulbs which consists of three levels, namely the 60, 80 and 90 days age bulbs. The contents of gibberellins was analyzed using HPLC analysis. Molecular analysis to determine the potential of flowering genes used SSR primer (Hd3a). Result: Hd3a primer can be used as a marker of flowering shallot. Source of bulbs flowering and non-flowering clumps have the same flowering potential gene. The percentage of flowering in flowering clumps was higher than non-flowering clumps and correlates with endogenous gibberellins content. The age of bulbs indicates that older bulbs gave a higher percentage of flowering.&nbsp;</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">Detection of Flowering Ability on Several Bulbs Shallot Sources by using Hd3a and Endogenous GA3 Analysis</div>

Background: Garlic is an aromatic spice with nutritional and medicinal values. Climatic variations such as drought, adversely affect Garlic&rsquo;s morpho-physiological, biochemical attributes and diminish its bulb quality. Soluble silica is a plant-available form of silicon (Si). Silica is beneficial for plant&rsquo;s healthy growth especially against stress conditions. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of soluble silica on the garlic plant growth, leaves chlorophyll content and bulb quality against drought stress. 
 
Methods: Garlic was cultivated during the Rabi season (2019-2020) in the experimental field Lohar pipliya (Dewas), India. Randomized experimental blocks consisted of six treatments as follows: T1- Control (well-watered), T2- Drought stress (water supply reduced by about 50%), T3- Drought + a basal dose of NPK fertilizers (BDF) in soil, T4, T5, T6- Drought + BDF + foliar sprays of 7.5, 10 and 12.5 ml L-1 soluble silica respectively. Silica sprays were applied seven-time at a regular interval of 15-days. After 120-days of sowing, plant growth in terms of plants height and number of leaves plant-1 were measured. 120-days leaves chlorophyll, MDA and proline content were estimated. Garlic bulb&rsquo;s quality in terms of fresh-dry weight and diameter were recorded at the final harvest. 
 
Result: Results revealed that drought significantly reduced Garlic&rsquo;s plant height, bulb quality (weight and diameter), chlorophyll (Chl-a and Chl-b) and increased MDA, proline content in contrast to the well-watered garlic. Fertilizers (BDF) feebly improved garlic bulb quality. However, fertilizers (BDF) supplemented with soluble silica sprays (7.5 ml L-1&lt;12.5 ml L-1&lt;10 ml L-1) significantly increased plant height, bulb weight and diameter, leaves chlorophyll, proline and reduced MDA content over the drought-stressed Garlic. Fertilizers (BDF) supplemented with Soluble silica maintained plant water content, reduced oxidative stress and increased leaves chlorophyll content. These resulted in good quality garlic bulbs in terms of weight and diameter despite the drought stress.

Effect of Soluble Silica on the Plant Growth, Leaves Chlorophyll Content and Bulb Quality of the Garlic (Allium sativum L.) against Drought Stress

Background: A standard research trial were conducted with the objective to evaluate the influence of variable levels of organic inputs on bulb attributes of garlic cultivars grown under suitable environment of lower hilly region of Uttarakhand. 
 
Methods: A field study were undertaken during successive rabi seasons of 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 at Horticulture Experiment Block, School of Agricultural Science, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India to evaluate the influence of varying levels of organic manures on bulb attributes of garlic. The research trials were organised in a factorial randomized block design comprising three replications. Design treatments comprised two factors, Factor 1: includes two Garlic cultivars viz. (V1) Pahadi local and (V2) Desi local; Factor 2: comprised of twelve varying levels of organic manures viz. T1: (Control), T2: (Farm Yard Manure @ 10 t/ha), T3: (Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha), T4: (Vermiwash@ 50%), T5: (Cow urine @ 20%), T6: (PSB@ 5 Kg/ha), T7: (FYM @ 5t/ha +Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha + Vermiwash @ 25%), T8: (FYM @ 5 t/ha +Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha + Cow urine @ 10%), T9: (FYM @ 5 t/ha +Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha + PSB @ 2.5 kg/ha), T10: (Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha + Vermiwash @ 25% + PSB @ 2.5 Kg/ha), T11: (FYM @ 5 t/ha +Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha+Vermiwash @ 25% + Cow urine @ 10% + PSB @ 2.5 kg/ha) and T12: (FYM @ 10 t/ha +Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Vermiwash @ 50% + Cow urine @ 20% + PSB @ 5 kg/ha). 
 
Result: The maximum fresh as well as dry mass of bulbs among cultivars was reported in Desi Local in both the years. Among the treatments, the maximum fresh and dry mass of bulbs was noticed in T4&nbsp;in both years. The maximum and minimum bulb length was observed in V2T8&nbsp;(3.76 cm) and V1T1&nbsp;(2.70 cm) in 2022, whereas, in 2023, the maximum and minimum bulb length was observed in V2T8&nbsp;(3.76 cm) and V1T1&nbsp;(2.43 cm). The maximum and minimum bulb diameter was recorded in V2T1&nbsp;(3.50 cm) and V1T1&nbsp;(2.60 cm) in 2022 and V2T1&nbsp;(3.50 cm) and V1T2&nbsp;(2.66 cm), respectively in 2023. The maximum and minimum bulb volume was noticed in V1T3,11 (20.00 cm3) and V1T4,6&nbsp;(13.00 cm3) in 2022, whereas, in 2023, the maximum and minimum volume of bulb was noticed in V1T8&nbsp;(20.00 cm3) and V1T3&nbsp;(12.66 cm3). The maximum bulbing index was observed in V1T5&nbsp;(2.32) in 2022 and V1T5&nbsp;(2.32) in 2023. 
&nbsp;

Bulbing Attributes of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) as Influenced by Varying Levels of Organic Manures

<div style="text-align:justify">Background: Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a major bulbous vegetable as well as condiment of family Alliaceae grown in India, originated in Iran and Pakistan. Seed pelleting is a mechanism of applying various materials to the seed that can enhance the seed quality with respect to physiological, physical and health attributes. Seed pelleting make it easy to handle small and irregular shaped seeds. Methods: The present investigation was conducted in the field of Department of Seed Science and Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan during seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18.&nbsp; Result: This experiment comprised of pelleted seeds with different botanicals carried out to determine the effect of sowing dates and seed pelleting and their interactions on plant growth, yield and quality of bulb crop. All the factors in the experiment as well as their interactions showed significant influence on plant growth, yield and yield contributing characters in onion. The seeds pelleted with Azadirechta indica leaf powder + clay and Melia azedarach &nbsp;leaf powder + clay sown directly showed maximum values w.r.t. emergence (91.50 %), plant height at 60 days after sowing (35.35 cm), average leaf length (38.43cm), number of leaves per plant (8.67), number of days to harvesting (233.49),&nbsp;polar diameter (46.72 mm), equatorial diameter (57.77 mm), bulb size index (2699.74 ), neck thickness (12.12 mm), number of bulb per plot (89.00) average bulb weight (75.24 g), bulb yield (6.67 kg per plot or 400.01 q per ha), plant height before neck fall stage (58.55 cm). From the present studies, it can be concluded that onion seeds pelleted with Azadirechta indica leaf powder + clay and Melia azedarach leaf powder + clay showed significant effects for enhancing bulb quality, growth, quality and yield of bulb crop raised through direct seeding.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Effect of Sowing Dates and Botanical Seed Pelleting on Plant Growth, Bulb Yield and Quality of Onion (Allium cepa L.)</div>

<div>Background: Maharashtra ranks first in onion (Allium cepa L.) production with a share of 28.32%. However, the productivity of onion is low as compared to other countries. In order to enhance onion productivity, new and innovative agri-inputs are being tried continuously like providing humic acid, fulvic acid, plant growth regulators (PGR), auxin/amino acid spray, seaweed extract, biofertilizers, sulphur application etc. PGRs are considered to be one of the novel inputs that can help in increasing the productivity of onion in India economically. Plant growth regulators are considered as a new generation of agrochemicals when added in small amounts, modify the growth of the plants usually by stimulation or modifying one part of natural growth regulatory system, thereby increasing the crop yield. Most of the research data available is based on biochemical, seaweeds etc. Almost negligible literature is available pertaining to a PGR made with formulation of Seaweed extract and Protein Hydrolysate. An attempt has been made in this research work to evaluate the effect of PGR formulated with seaweed extract and Protein Hydrolysate as major constituents on onion bulb yield through both foliar and drenching application. 
 
Methods: A field experiment for evaluating the effect of plant growth regulator (PGR) formulated by Research and Development Department, M/s Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers Limited was conducted at Chilli and Vegetable Research Farm, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (MH). During the experiment, the effect of different concentration of PGR viz., 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% and 1.0%, 1.2%, 1.4% and 1.6% through foliar and drenching application, respectively were studied. 
 
Result: Statistically, significant results of plant growth regulator application on vegetative growth, yield and qualitative characters of onion crop were observed. Significantly, maximum bulb yield was observed in the treatment PGR @ 0.6% (255.41 kg/ha) through foliar application which is at par with the treatment PGR @ 1.4% (246.67 kg/ha) through soil drenching along with RDF. According to the results, the suitable PGR dose for studied characters of onion under prevailing conditions was 0.6% foliar spray and 1.4% soil drenching along with recommended dose of fertilizers.</div>

​Response of Plant Growth Regulator on Bulb Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L.)

Background: In Ethiopia, onion (Allium Cepa L.) is a major vegetable crop. However, due to erratic cultivation, rising mineral fertilizer prices and inadequate soil fertility management, its productivity is declining. Integrated nutrient management is a cost-effective approach to fertilizing soil. If used properly, the combination of vermicomposting with mineral fertilizers is one of the most promising options. Nonetheless, in the study areas, the appropriate application rate of vermicompost and NPSZn fertilizer on onion production has not been well examined. 
 
Methods: A field experiment was conducted in the irrigated soil conditions of Kilte-Awulaelo and Raya Azobo districts. The study used a randomized complete block design with three replications and twelve experimental treatments (4.5, 3 and 1.5 t ha-1&nbsp;vermicompost rates combined with NPSZn 75, 50 and 25 kg ha-1).&nbsp; Full recommended 6 t ha-1&nbsp;vermicompost, 100 kg ha-1&nbsp;NPSZn fertilizer and absolute control were used. The collected agronomic data were subjected to ANOVA using SAS statistical software (SAS 9.0) and mean separation was done using LSD. 
 
Result: Most of the measured onion growth and yield parameters were significantly affected by the joint application of vermicompost and NPSZn. It varies among districts. Maximum bulb yields of 51.2 t ha-1&nbsp;in Kilte-Awulaelo and 42.5 t ha-1&nbsp;in Raya Azobo district were obtained from the application of 4.5 t ha-1&nbsp;vermicompost with 50 kg ha-1&nbsp;NPSZn and 4.5 t ha-1&nbsp;vermicompost with 75 kg ha-1&nbsp;NPSZn respectively. The combined application of vermicompost with NPSZn fertilizer enhanced onion growth and yield.

Response of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Bulb to the Combined Effect of Vermicompost and Mineral Fertilizer under Irrigated Soil Condition in Raya Azobo and Kilte-Awulaelo Districts South and Eastern Tigray, Ethiopia

Genetic variability, correlation coefficient and path coefficient were studied in onion involving 23 genotypes. High estimates of PCV were recorded in marketable bulb yield, total bulb yield, collar height and average bulb weight. While, GCV were highest in marketable bulb yield and total bulb yield. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were observed for total bulb yield, marketable bulb yield, average bulb weight and collar height. Correlation coefficient analysis revealed that total bulb yield had positive significant correlation with number of leaves/plant, plant height, collar height, polar and equatorial diameter of bulb, average bulb weight and marketable bulb yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of leaves/plant, plant height, leaf thickness, TSS, polar and equatorial diameter of bulb, average bulb weight and marketable bulb yield exhibited positive direct effect on total bulb yield. In addition to this, neck thickness, collar height and leaf length showed negative direct effect on total bulb yield at phenotypic levels and could be utilized as selection criteria in onion improvement programme for Chhattisgarh plains.

GENETIC VARIABILITY, CORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT KHARIF ONION GENOTYPES IN CHHATTISGARH PLAINS

<div>Background: Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important and indispensable item of every kitchen. It is used as a vegetable, spice and condiment and commands an extensive internal market. Even though onion is one of the major crops in India, its cultivation is not yet popular in Kerala. Successful onion production depends on the selection of varieties that are adapted to different conditions imposed by specific environment and best planting time. In this background, the current study aimed to evaluate five onion varieties in the tropical planes of Kerala and also to study the effect of different planting time and varieties on the performance of onion in Kerala. 
 
Methods: Five onion varieties were evaluated in four different dates of planting with an interval of fifteen days. Planting commenced from 10th November to 25th December 2017 in a split plot design with four replications. Yield attributing characters such as number of leaves per plant, leaf length, bolting percentage, neck thickness, bulb weight and yield were noted. 
&nbsp; 
Result: All the parameters showed a significant variation over different dates of planting. There was a significant variation in number of leaves per plant, leaf length, bolting percentage, total bulb yield and neck thickness among the varieties. Interaction effect of varieties and dates of planting was significant only for leaf length and total bulb yield. Highest bulb weight was recorded in 25th Nov. planting. Highest yield was recorded in 25th Nov. which was on par with 10th Dec. and 10th Nov. plantings. Arka Kalyan recorded a highest yield, which was statistically on par with Agrifound Dark Red and Arka Pragati. Varieties when planted on 25th Dec. recorded a lowest neck thickness. Agrifound White exhibited a non-bolting behavior in all the dates of planting. Overall performance and yield of onion was found to be better when planting was done on 25th November.</div>

Effect of Different Growing Conditions and Genotypes on Growth and Bulb Parameters of Asiatic Lily

The Effect of True Shallot Seed (TSS) Varieties and Population on Growth and Bulb Yield

Detection of Flowering Ability on Several Bulbs Shallot Sources by using Hd3a and Endogenous GA₃ Analysis

Effect of Soluble Silica on the Plant Growth, Leaves Chlorophyll Content and Bulb Quality of the Garlic (Allium sativum L.) against Drought Stress

Bulbing Attributes of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) as Influenced by Varying Levels of Organic Manures

Effect of Sowing Dates and Botanical Seed Pelleting on Plant Growth, Bulb Yield and Quality of Onion (Allium cepa L.)

Response of Plant Growth Regulator on Bulb Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L.)

Response of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Bulb to the Combined Effect of Vermicompost and Mineral Fertilizer under Irrigated Soil Condition in Raya Azobo and Kilte-Awulaelo Districts South and Eastern Tigray, Ethiopia

GENETIC VARIABILITY, CORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT KHARIF ONION GENOTYPES IN CHHATTISGARH PLAINS

Effect of Varieties and Planting Time on the Performance of Onion under Tropical Planes of Kerala