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volume 47 issue 5 (october 2013) : 436-440

BIO-ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ARECANUT SCALE, PARASAISSETIA NIGRA (NEITNER) AND MEALYBUG, DYSMICOCCUS BREVIPES (COCKERELL)

S
S.L. Basavaraju*
S
S.B. Revanappa1
K
K. Prashant1
R
Rajkumar3
A
Anand Kanatti
H
H.C. Sowmya2
K
K.D. Gajanan1
N
N. Srinivas1
1 University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore- 560 065, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Basavaraju* S.L., Revanappa1 S.B., Prashant1 K., Rajkumar3, Kanatti Anand, Sowmya2 H.C., Gajanan1 K.D., Srinivas1 N. (2025). BIO-ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ARECANUT SCALE, PARASAISSETIA NIGRA (NEITNER) AND MEALYBUG, DYSMICOCCUS BREVIPES (COCKERELL). Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 47(5): 436-440. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Populations of P. nigra and D. brevipes were higher during summer (March-May, 2002).  However, the populations of both the pest species remained low during the rainy and winter season (July- December).  Similar trend was noticed with their natural enemies viz., Anagyrus sp., Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant) and Scymnus sp. The fecundity of both P. nigra and D. brevipes was high during summer months with a maximum of 183.24 ±37.52 and 136.20±28.09 no./female, respectively. Parasaissetia nigra reproduced parthenogenetically; there being no males, with a total life cycle of 75.24 days.  Dysmicoccus brevipes had three nymphal instars in female, while, the males had three nymphal and one pupal instar.  Oecophylla smaragdina Smith was the major ant species associated with P. nigra and D. brevipes on arecanut. Among the different insecticides and plant products tested against P. nigra and D. brevipes, neem oil at 3 per cent was effective upto 21 days (5.23no./nut), as compared to standard check chlorpyriphos (10.53 no./nut).  From the study it was clear that neem oil is a suitable substitute in controlling P. nigra.  Similarly, neem oil at 3 per cent significantly reduced the population of D. brevipes (1.07 no./nut) which is at par with pongamia oil at 3 per cent (1.13 no./nut) when compared to untreated check (4.53 no./nut).

REFERENCES

  1. Anand, S.K.; Murthy C.; Mahajanashetti, S. B. and Venugopal, C. K. (2012). Value addition and marketing efficiency in arecanut processing units. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 25 (1) : 77-81.
  2. Anonymous. (1987). Annual Report, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta, Bangalore, pp162.
  3. Chatterjee, H.; Ghosh, J.; Senapati, S.K. and Ghosh, J. (2000). Influence of important weather parameters on population fluctuation on major insect pest of mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco) at Darjeeling district of West Bengal (India). J. ent.. Res., 24(3): 229-233.
  4. Daniel, M. (2003). NATP final report on development of IPM Packages for plantation crops. CPCRI, Kasrgod, P-184.
  5. Ghose, S.K. (1972). Biology of the mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera). Indian Agric., 16:323-332.
  6. Hussain, M.A. (1996). Evaluation of oils for the management of mealybugs and scale insects on horticultural crops. M. Sc. Thesis, Univ. Agril. Sci., Bangalore, pp 116.
  7. Jalaluddin, M.; Mohanasundaram, M. and Sundarababu. P.C. (1991). Toxicity of insecticides to the coconut mealybug, Palmicultor sp. Indian Cocon. J. 22(4):15-16.
  8. Jalaluddin, M.; Mohanasundaram, M. and Sundarababu. P.C. (1992). Influence of weather on fecundity potential of coconut scale Aspidiotus destructor Sign. Indian Cocon. J. 22(12): 5-7.
  9. Krishnamoorthy, A. (1993). Bionomics and development of integrated management strategy for California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Agril. Sci., Bangalore, pp178
  10. Marin, L. R. and Cisneros, V.F.H. (1979). La queresa negra del chirimoyo: Saissetia nigra (Nietner) (Homoptera: Coccidae) [The black scale-insect of cherimoya: Saissetia nigra (Nietner) (Homoptera: Coccidae)]. Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 22(1): 103-110.
  11. Nair, R.B. and Menon, R. (1963). Major and minor pests of the arecanut crop. Arecanut J., 14: 139-147.
  12. Shivanna, B.K.; Gayathridevi, S.; Krishna Naik. Gangadhara Naik. Shruthi, H. and Nagaraja, R. (2011). Bio-efficacy of synthetic chemicals, botanicals and microbial derivatives against scale insect Coccus hesperidum Linn. In arecanut. J Ento and Nemato. 3: 117-119.
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    volume 47 issue 5 (october 2013) : 436-440

    BIO-ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ARECANUT SCALE, PARASAISSETIA NIGRA (NEITNER) AND MEALYBUG, DYSMICOCCUS BREVIPES (COCKERELL)

    S
    S.L. Basavaraju*
    S
    S.B. Revanappa1
    K
    K. Prashant1
    R
    Rajkumar3
    A
    Anand Kanatti
    H
    H.C. Sowmya2
    K
    K.D. Gajanan1
    N
    N. Srinivas1
    1 University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore- 560 065, India

    • Submitted|

    • First Online |

    • doi

    Cite article:- Basavaraju* S.L., Revanappa1 S.B., Prashant1 K., Rajkumar3, Kanatti Anand, Sowmya2 H.C., Gajanan1 K.D., Srinivas1 N. (2025). BIO-ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ARECANUT SCALE, PARASAISSETIA NIGRA (NEITNER) AND MEALYBUG, DYSMICOCCUS BREVIPES (COCKERELL). Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 47(5): 436-440. doi: .

    ABSTRACT

    Populations of P. nigra and D. brevipes were higher during summer (March-May, 2002).  However, the populations of both the pest species remained low during the rainy and winter season (July- December).  Similar trend was noticed with their natural enemies viz., Anagyrus sp., Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant) and Scymnus sp. The fecundity of both P. nigra and D. brevipes was high during summer months with a maximum of 183.24 ±37.52 and 136.20±28.09 no./female, respectively. Parasaissetia nigra reproduced parthenogenetically; there being no males, with a total life cycle of 75.24 days.  Dysmicoccus brevipes had three nymphal instars in female, while, the males had three nymphal and one pupal instar.  Oecophylla smaragdina Smith was the major ant species associated with P. nigra and D. brevipes on arecanut. Among the different insecticides and plant products tested against P. nigra and D. brevipes, neem oil at 3 per cent was effective upto 21 days (5.23no./nut), as compared to standard check chlorpyriphos (10.53 no./nut).  From the study it was clear that neem oil is a suitable substitute in controlling P. nigra.  Similarly, neem oil at 3 per cent significantly reduced the population of D. brevipes (1.07 no./nut) which is at par with pongamia oil at 3 per cent (1.13 no./nut) when compared to untreated check (4.53 no./nut).

    REFERENCES

    1. Anand, S.K.; Murthy C.; Mahajanashetti, S. B. and Venugopal, C. K. (2012). Value addition and marketing efficiency in arecanut processing units. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 25 (1) : 77-81.
    2. Anonymous. (1987). Annual Report, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta, Bangalore, pp162.
    3. Chatterjee, H.; Ghosh, J.; Senapati, S.K. and Ghosh, J. (2000). Influence of important weather parameters on population fluctuation on major insect pest of mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco) at Darjeeling district of West Bengal (India). J. ent.. Res., 24(3): 229-233.
    4. Daniel, M. (2003). NATP final report on development of IPM Packages for plantation crops. CPCRI, Kasrgod, P-184.
    5. Ghose, S.K. (1972). Biology of the mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera). Indian Agric., 16:323-332.
    6. Hussain, M.A. (1996). Evaluation of oils for the management of mealybugs and scale insects on horticultural crops. M. Sc. Thesis, Univ. Agril. Sci., Bangalore, pp 116.
    7. Jalaluddin, M.; Mohanasundaram, M. and Sundarababu. P.C. (1991). Toxicity of insecticides to the coconut mealybug, Palmicultor sp. Indian Cocon. J. 22(4):15-16.
    8. Jalaluddin, M.; Mohanasundaram, M. and Sundarababu. P.C. (1992). Influence of weather on fecundity potential of coconut scale Aspidiotus destructor Sign. Indian Cocon. J. 22(12): 5-7.
    9. Krishnamoorthy, A. (1993). Bionomics and development of integrated management strategy for California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Agril. Sci., Bangalore, pp178
    10. Marin, L. R. and Cisneros, V.F.H. (1979). La queresa negra del chirimoyo: Saissetia nigra (Nietner) (Homoptera: Coccidae) [The black scale-insect of cherimoya: Saissetia nigra (Nietner) (Homoptera: Coccidae)]. Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 22(1): 103-110.
    11. Nair, R.B. and Menon, R. (1963). Major and minor pests of the arecanut crop. Arecanut J., 14: 139-147.
    12. Shivanna, B.K.; Gayathridevi, S.; Krishna Naik. Gangadhara Naik. Shruthi, H. and Nagaraja, R. (2011). Bio-efficacy of synthetic chemicals, botanicals and microbial derivatives against scale insect Coccus hesperidum Linn. In arecanut. J Ento and Nemato. 3: 117-119.
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