Background: Urban Dairy farming is a vital sector in Ethiopia, contributing to urban food security and rural livelihoods. However, inefficiencies in resource use and management practices often limit productivity of the sector. Therefore, this study was intended to measure and identify factors affecting technical efficiency of dairy farmers in Nekemte City. 
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Methods: Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was collected from 135 sample dairy farm business owners. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) was used to model the production function and identify inputs driving milk output, and a Tobit regression model assessed the impact of managerial factors on technical efficiency. 
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Result: The SFA results revealed that concentrate feed and fodder were statistically significant inputs influencing milk production. The Tobit regression model further showed that training, education, and work experience of farm owners/managers significantly explained variations in technical efficiency. To improve dairy productivity in Nekemte City, government and non-governmental institutions should prioritize training programs to enhance farmers&rsquo; skills in feed management and modern practices. Strengthening access to education and promoting institutional support, such as subsidies for high-quality feed, could reduce inefficiencies and optimize resource use. 
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Factors Affecting Technical Efficiency of Urban Dairy Farming: The Case of Nekemte City, Oromia, Ethiopia

<div>Floods have threatened the agricultural productivity in Assam every year. Quality of soil, which is one of the important factors, that determines the production and income of farm, has been damaged by flood. Various study and secondary data reveal that deposition of sand due to flood has negative impact on farm productivity. This paper tries to investigate the impact of flood induced sand deposition and other factors on farm productivity in Dhemaji district, one of the mostly flood effected area of Assam. The study is based on primary survey which included 10 flood effected villages and &nbsp;276 agricultural plots for testing the quality of soil. After testing the soil quality, the paper attempts to establish the relationship between quality of soil and paddy productivity. To identify the factors affecting the productivity of the paddy and estimate the damage due to flood induced sand deposition, the study used regression models by taking productivity of paddy as dependent variable. The regression model is estimated using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. In order to ensure the validity of OLS results, this study also tested a Tobit model. Results of the paper revealed &nbsp; that sand deposition created huge damage to the paddy fields and poor agricultural outcomes from the degraded lands were forcing people to look for other livelihood and opportunities.&nbsp;</div>

Factors Affecting Technical Efficiency of Urban Dairy Farming: The Case of Nekemte City, Oromia, Ethiopia

Determinants of Farm Productivity in Flood Prone area: A Study in Dhemaji District of Assam