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<div style="text-align:left">Background: Maintenance of seed quality in storage is important without losing its living entity against biotic and abiotic stress. Arka Sukomal seeds are protein rich and include other nutrient composition which is required for seed germination and seedling establishment. There is a need to minimise the deterioration of cellular structure and biochemical compounds by adopting suitable storage conditions and containers.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: The laboratory experiment was carried out to identify the suitable storage conditions and containers on seed quality parameters. The seeds were stored in four different containers viz., cloth bag, polythene bag, super grain bag and poly-lined aluminium pouch at ambient and at controlled condition (15oC). The observations were recorded bimonthly up to fourteen months. 
 
Result: The results showed that seeds in poly-lined aluminium pouch at controlled conditions had shown better quality parameters like lower moisture content (7.70%), higher seed germination (93.58%), more increased seedling vigour index II (5316) and low electrical conductivity of seed leachate (0.437 dS m-1) whereas it was lower in cloth bag at ambient condition (10.40%, 80.67%, 3611 and 0.649 dS m-1, respectively) at the end of storage period. Hence, the viability and vigour of seeds could be maintained better by storing in moisture impervious containers (poly-lined aluminium pouch and polythene bag) at the controlled condition, which is cost-effective and easily adaptable.</div>
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Effect of Storage Conditions and Containers on Storability of Pole Type Frenchbean cv. Arka Sukomal

<div>Background: Oilseeds are very sensitive to the adverse environmental conditions. The oil inside the seeds will get oxidized easily and deteriorate the seed health during storage. Diverse environmental conditions such as temperature, pests and diseases, seed oil and moisture content, mechanical damages, storage time and relative humidity of store may affect the viability of seeds. Therefore, the present study aimed to study the effect of pre-storage seed treatments on the storage potential in soybean seed. 
 
Methods: The study was carried out during rabi 2020-21 and onwards at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The seeds of two soybean varieties (V1: GJS 3 and V2: JS 335) treated with different pre storage dry dressing seed treatments (S1: Control (untreated seed), S2: Boric acid powder @ 5 g/kg seed, S3: Neem kernel powder @ 5 g/kg seed, S4: Wood ash @ 5 g/kg seed and S5: Calcium hypochlorite @ 5 g/kg seed) were stored after packing in three containers (C1: Aluminium foil bag, C2: Non-wooven cloth bag and C3: Air tight plastic containers). The seeds were&nbsp; evaluated for seed quality parameters viz., seed moisture content (%), germination percentage (%), seedling length (cm), seedling dry weight (mg), seedling vigour index &ndash; I and seedling vigour index - II &nbsp;up to eight month of storage at interval of two month after storage following Completely Randomized Design (Factorial) repeated three times. 
 
Results: Germination percentage, seedling length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index I and seedling vigour index II were decreased with increased in storage period, while seed moisture content was increased with increased in storage period, thus was concluded that the quality of seed degraded in storage condition. In the storage condition, seeds of JS 335 treated with wood ash @ 5 g/kg seed and packed in air tight plastic container recorded the maximum germination percentage and was statistically at par with seeds of JS 335 treated with wood ash @ 5 g/kg seed and packed in aluminium foil bag. Seeds of JS 335 treated with wood ash @ 5 g/kg seed and packed in aluminium foil bag recorded the maximum seedling length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index I and seedling vigour index II.</div>

Effect of Pre-storage Seed Treatments on the Storage Potential in Soybean Seed [Glycine max (L.) Merill]

The effects of gamma radiation (control, 0.25kGy, 0.50kGy, 0.75kGy, 1.00kGy) and dip treatment of liquid paraffin wax (12%) on the physico-chemical quality of freshly harvested dried water chestnut (Trapa bispinosa Roxburg), packed in glass jar, tin container and low density polyethylene (250 gauge), and the radiation sensitivity of lesser grain borer in gamma radiated samples was analyzed by inoculation of 15 lesser grain borer pest during a period of 6 months at room temperature. The data on the basis of physical properties revealed that weight loss, damage per cent and number of lesser grain borer was found to be 8.93-14.46, 6-24.5 percent and 2-18 borers. The chemical composition ranged from viz; moisture (9.40-10.10), protein (8.82-8.87), fat (0.90-1.00), carbohydrate (76.83-76.87), total ash (3.15-4.03). The effect of gamma radiation and liquid paraffin wax coating on total sugar, reducing sugar, &nbsp;phenol and acidity, and ascorbic acid were from 5.83-5.88, 1.84-1.87, 0.14-0.16, 0.11-0.12 &nbsp;per cent and 41.66-50.00mg/100g respectively. Statistical analysis reveals significant difference in physical parameters (weight loss and damage percent) however in case of chemical composition, throughout the storage period a marginal changes was observed in 0, 3 and 6 months. Irradiation had no appreciable effect on chemical parameters. The treatment combination W4R4 (12% liquid paraffin wax and 1.00kGy) stored in tin container was found to be the best and can extend shelf life up to 6 month without losing the quality of stored water chestnut.

Physicochemical changes in GRAS coated and gamma radiated water chestnut (Trapa bispinosa Roxburg) during ambient storage in&nbsp;different storage structures

<div style="text-align:justify">The moisture content of grains, oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration in storage environment affects the storage life of food grains. The moisture content affects on storability of food grains severely, hence the storage structures must be provided with sufficient protection from moisture exchange between grain and atmosphere. The insect and pests grows very fast in presence of oxygen and moisture in the storage environment. The humid climate provides favorable conditions to moulds and insects to grow in most of the food grains and oilseeds. The grains exposed to these favorable environment further not useful for human consumptions. Many harmful chemicals like aflatoxins are formed in oilseeds and cereals. The emerging hermatic storage is highly effective technology to prevent the spoilage of grains without use of any harmful fumigants and chemicals, hence it is popularly known as organic storage technology. In this technology the flow of oxygen and water from external environment is fully controlled by impermeable, triple layer hermatic plastic bags.</div>

Hermetic Storage Technology for Food Grains: New Beginning of Organic and Safe Storage for Farmers and Consumers: A Review

Background: Seed deterioration is an unavoidable process during seed storage resulting in declined germination and vigour of the seeds and the seeds have different storage potential under different storage condition. Maintenance of germination and vigour requires new alternative method of storage conditions viz., packaging material and temperature conditions. Storage potential of groundnut seeds cv. VRI 8 and the changes associated with the seeds stored under different storage conditions were investigated in this study. 
 
Methods: The efficiency of modified atmospheric storage with different combination of CO2, N2 and O2 and vacuum packaging under different storage temperature (25&deg;C, 5&deg;C and -5&deg;C) for maintaining the storage behaviour of seeds up to 8 months were evaluated and the gas mixture was checked in gas analyzer at regular intervals.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The seeds stored under modified atmospheric storage (MAS) condition with a gas mixture of 0% CO2, 100% N2 and 0% O2 at -5&deg;C temperature condition, maintained germination and seed vigour above 70% with a minimum increase in seed moisture content even after 8 months of storage and even when these seeds kept under ambient condition also maintained germination above 70% after 8 months of storage while the seeds stored under ambient condition registered less germination of below 70% by 6 months of storage itself. Down-regulation of antioxidant defence system viz., catalase and peroxidase activity and the minimum accumulation of malondialdehyde and H202 content in the embryo indicated the less oxidative damage in the seeds stored under MAS compared to ambient condition. Thus, the study highlighted that the seeds have better storage potential under modified atmospheric storage condition with low atmospheric temperature through maintaining the seed quality by reducing their metabolic activity and storing these seeds under ambient condition could be a cost-effective method.

Storage Behaviour of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seeds under Different Storage Condition

<div style="text-align: justify;">The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of negative pressure applied before storage on the quality and fertilization ability of boar semen. Boar semen samples were collected and pooled, and diluted with Modena solution containing 0.4% (w/v) of bovine serum albumin. Negative pressure was applied for 2&ndash;5 min using a vacuum pump with a barometer. The pressure applied were 0 (Control), -0.02 MPa (P200), -0.04 MPa (P400), and -0.08 MPa (P800). The sperm motility, acrosome integrity and sperm fertilizing ability were evaluated. Application of &ndash;0.04 MPa improved the sperm motility, acrosome integrity and fertilizing ability, compared with the other groups. The sperm motility and acrosome integrity decreased with increasing storage time in vitro. After 5 days, the sperm motility and acrosome integrity of the P400 group were all higher than those of the other groups (P &lt; 0.05). The cleavage rate (64.5% &plusmn; 2.4%) and blastocyst development rate (33.9% &plusmn; 2.8%) for semen stored for 7 days were similar to those of fresh semen. In conclusion, application of &ndash;0.04 MPa before liquid storage at 17&deg;C can improve the quality and fertilization ability of boar semen.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Effects of negative pressure applied before storage (liquid storage, 17&deg;C) on boar semen quality and fertilization ability</div>

<div>Background: Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important leguminous crop utilized as vegetable and pulse, being an important source of proteins. Pea seeds harbour various mycoflora both in field and during storage, which plays important role in reducing seed viability, germination and vigour inflicting considerable losses in yield and quality. There is scarcely any recommendation available to maintain seed quality during storage of pea seeds, hence present study was carried out. 
 
Methods: Seeds of pea (cvs. Azad P. 1 and Arkel) were treated with Captan and Carbendazim 50%WP fungicides @ 2.0 g/Kg seed and stored under ambient conditions. The samples were drawn at three months interval to assess the effect of storage on seed quality parameters. The vigour index I, per cent germination and speed of germination of these seed samples were determined using ISTA rules. The detection of associated mycoflora in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seed samples was carried out by standard blotter method as recommended by International Seed Testing Association. 
 
Result: Total fourteen fungal species were found associated with different pea seed samples. Out of these, maximum incidence of Alternaria alternata (21.36%) followed by Aspergillus flavus (15.53%), A. fumigatus (14.56%), A. niger (11.60%) and Rhizopus stolonifer (9.71%), were recorded on untreated seed of pea cv. Azad P. 1, after 18 months of storage. The germination, speed of germination and vigour index of stored seed reduced with increase in storage period, whereas fungal incidence increased with the increasing storage period. Among the tested cultivars, germination in pea (cv. Arkel) remained above IMSCS even after 18 months of storage under ambient storage conditions. The maximum percent germination (99.0) was found in pea cv. Azad P. 1 seeds treated with Captan at 3 months of storage, whereas minimum percent germination (49.5) was found in untreated seed of pea cv. Azad P. 1 after 18 months of storage. The maximum speed of germination (23.88) was found in Captan treated seed of pea cv. Arkel at 0 month of storage and minimum speed of germination (3.52) was found in untreated seed of pea cv. Azad P. 1 at 18 months of storage. The maximum vigour index I (2339) was found in pea cv. Azad P. 1 (Captan treated seed) at 3 months of storage and minimum vigour index I (431) was found in untreated seed of pea cv. Azad P. 1 after 18 months of storage.</div>

​Effect of Seed Treatments and Storage Period on Seed Health Parameters of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) under Ambient Storage Conditions

<div>Background: Minimally processed ready-to-eat pomegranate arils have become popular due to their convenience, high value, unique sensory characteristics and health benefits. The main objective of this key research is to understand the effect of packaging materials and the quality profile of pomegranate arils (Bhagwa) storage at 5-7&deg;C, 85-90% RH till 18 days was tested. 
 
Methods: Minimally processed arils at three-day intervals throughout storage, the antioxidant and phytochemical characteristics were assessed. There has been a variable change in the ascorbic acid concentration level, phenolic, antioxidant and anthocyanin content due to the packaging material with minimum processed arils in sensory analysis.&nbsp; 
 
Result: When the pomegranate Arils packed in breathable film indicated high retention of phenols antioxidants, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid and total than arils packed in LDPE or PP. Breathable film shown better quality attributes for minimally processed arils over an 18-day storage period as compared to other packaging materials.</div>

Storage and Packaging Material Effects on Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Arils Quality Attributes during Storage

<div>Background: Ajwain is used as an antioxidant, as preservative and also valued for its medicinal properties. Ajwain seeds undergo deterioration during storage due to various microorganisms and leads to degradation of quality in terms of discolorations and altering the biochemical constituents. Hence, the effect of different types of storage conditions on quality of ajwain seeds was investigated. 
 
Methods: To assess the effect of storage in four different types of containers viz. Plastic jars (PJ) of make Pearl Pet, tin containers (TC), gunny bags (GB) and plastic lined gunny bags (PLBG) were used. The duration of storage was one year. External environmental conditions, i.e. temperature and relative humidity were recorded quarterly. To study the effect of different storage conditions on quality: (i) Seed quality assessment according to Agmark grade specifications (ii) incidence of mycoflora and (iii) effect on biochemical constituents viz. moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, carbohydrates, total soluble sugars, iron, total phenols and volatile oil contents were studied. Initial readings served as control for the experiment.</div>

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<div style="text-align:justify">Result: &nbsp;Irrespective of storage conditions, a sharp increase in deterioration was noted in stored samples of ajwain with respect to presence of shrivelled, damaged, discolored and weevilled seeds after 3 months of storage. This shifted the samples from good to substandard grade. Maximum deterioration was noted after 12 months. The incidence of mycoflora was found maximum in samples stored in tin containers and gunny bags followed by plastic lined gunny bags and plastic Jars. A decline in moisture, crude fiber, carbohydrates, total soluble sugars, iron and volatile oil contents and an increase in crude fat and ash contents were observed after 12 months of storage, irrespective of storage containers. Plastic jars were found to be the best of all containers studied for storage purpose.</div>

<div>Impact on Seed Quality of Ajwain [Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague] Stored under Different Storage Conditions</div>

Background: Non-availability of good quality seeds at the right time is a major problem faced by groundnut growers. Groundnut seeds lose their viability quickly due to several biotic and abiotic factors during storage. Seed moisture content, storage temperature and relative humidity are three major factors affecting seed storability in coastal environments. Generally, groundnut seeds are stored as pods in gunny bags. Those seeds lose their viability rapidly due to the moisture-pervious nature of the container. Vacuum storage techniques may help in protecting the seed quality from the external environment in coastal areas. 
 
Methods: With this background, the experiment was conducted with two major objectives, to prolong the seed storability of groundnut and to reduce storage volume by using the kernel storage method in the place of pod storage. Each 20 kilograms of freshly harvested pods and 10 kilograms of kernels of Groundnut cv. G7 were treated with double spectrum fungicide (Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5%) and stored in three different containers&nbsp;viz., Gunny bag, High-Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE) bag and Super grain bag comprising a total of 12 treatments and those were tested at bimonthly intervals to assess the quality. 
 
Result: The results shown that all the seed quality traits were differed significantly with duration of storage, storage container, method of storage and seed treatment. Irrespective of containers, untreated kernels lose their viability within a month of storage. Further, treated and untreated pods and kernels stored in gunny bags failed to fulfill the minimum germination standards (70%) after three months of storage. However, the kernels treated with fungicide and stored in HDPE or Super grain bags fulfilled minimum germination standards even after 11 months of storage. Hence, groundnut kernels treated with fungicide may be safely stored in Super grain bags or HDPE bags with reduced volume of storage as compared to pod storage. Accordingly, kernel storage in groundnut is possible if kernels pre-treated with double spectrum fungicide (Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5%) and stored in super grain bags or HDPE bags. Thus, the results have a high degree of practical utility for groundnut farmers and seed growers.

Effect of Storage Conditions and Containers on Storability of Pole Type Frenchbean cv. Arka Sukomal

Effect of Pre-storage Seed Treatments on the Storage Potential in Soybean Seed [Glycine max (L.) Merill]

Physicochemical changes in GRAS coated and gamma radiated water chestnut (Trapa bispinosa Roxburg) during ambient storage in different storage structures

Hermetic Storage Technology for Food Grains: New Beginning of Organic and Safe Storage for Farmers and Consumers: A Review

Storage Behaviour of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seeds under Different Storage Condition

Effects of negative pressure applied before storage (liquid storage, 17°C) on boar semen quality and fertilization ability

Effect of Seed Treatments and Storage Period on Seed Health Parameters of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) under Ambient Storage Conditions

Storage and Packaging Material Effects on Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Arils Quality Attributes during Storage

Impact on Seed Quality of Ajwain [Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague] Stored under Different Storage Conditions

Improved Seed Storage Technique in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cv. G7 in Coastal Environment