<div>Body mass regulation may be appeared regional differences, in order to investigate the physiological and behavioral changes in Eothenomys miletus from Shanggelila (XGLL) and Jianchuan (JC) under food restriction (FR) and refeeding (Re), body mass, food intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR), serum leptin levels, hypothalamic neuropeptides expression and activity behavior were measured. The results showed that areas and FR had significant effects on body mass, food intake, RMR, activity behavior, serum leptin levels, hypothalamic neuropeptides expression, masses of liver and small intestine in E. miletus. Body mass and serum leptin levels in XGLL were lower than that of JC, food intake, activity behavior, liver mass and RMR in XGLL were higher relative to in JC. All the indexes of the two areas of E. miletus can be restored to control levels after refeeding, showing phenotypic plasticity. In conclusion, physiological and behavioral characteristics illustrated that the influences of food and different regions on phenotypic plasticity, which had important significance for in-depth understanding of the survival and adaptation strategies of E. miletus in Hengduan mountain regions.</div>

<div>Comparative Study on Phenotypic Differences in Eothenomys Miletus Under Food Restriction and Refeeding Between Xianggelila and Jianchuan from Hengduan Mountain Regions</div>

Background: The ability to respond to global change and coexist with other species depends on phenotypic plasticity and physiological adaptation techniques of the same species living in various places differ according to the region. 
 
Methods: Eothenomys miletus from Kunming (KM) and Dali (DL) under fasting and refeeding acclimation, we examined the thermogenic properties and the associated physiological indicators in the AMP dependent protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. 
 
Result: The results demonstrated that energy consumption in E. miletus was decreased by fasting and that the process of survival adaption was significantly influenced by body mass, ghrelin concentration and AMPK activity. Following refeeding, pertinent physiological markers leveled off in the control group, demonstrating the high phenotypic plasticity of E. miletus and the critical role that leptin, ghrelin and AMPK pathways play in energy metabolism and environmental adaption during food fasting. Moreover, there may be a connection between geographical variations in physiological indicators under fasting conditions and variations in the ambient temperature and the food available to E. miletus in various places.

Two Hormones: Ghrelin and Leptin, Based on AMPK Signaling Pathway, Play a Role in Body Mass Control of Eothenomys miletus during Fasting in Kunming and Dali Regions