<div style="text-align: justify;">The nucleotide sequence of phosphorprotein (P) gene of a recent isolate of Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV/INDIA/TN/Apampattu/2014) was determined by RT-PCR amplification and sequencing. The sequence analysis showed that phosphoprotein gene sequence of this isolate has 87-98 percent identity with other Indian PPRV. At amino acid level, the identity was 84-98 percent with recent Indian PPRV isolates and 95 percent with Sungri/96 isolate. Surprisingly, when phylogenetic analysis was conducted with all the available &lsquo;P&rsquo; gene sequences in genbank along with our sequence, it depicted more than four lineages in the phylogenetic tree. This is not in compliance with the PPRV &lsquo;F&rsquo; and &lsquo;N&rsquo; gene based and whole genome sequence based phylogenetic analysis. This concluded that PPRV &lsquo;P&rsquo; gene based analysis is not suitable for lineage detection. Meanwhile, the PPRV/INDIA/TN/Apampattu/2014 isolate was found to group with Indian isolates coming under lineage IV. Therefore, &rsquo;P&rsquo; gene based analysis could be of help to cluster new isolates into close related groups.&nbsp;</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">Phosphoprotein gene of peste des petits ruminants virus: unsuitable for lineage determination</div>

<div>This study aims to investigate the effects of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) from Urechis unicinctus on the P<sub>2</sub>Y<sub>12</sub> receptor signaling pathway in rat platelets. The concentrations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) in rat platelets were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The phosphorylation levels of protein kinase A (PKA) and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) in rat platelets were detected through Western blot. The expression of P<sub>2</sub>Y<sub>12</sub> gene in rat platelets was analyzed via real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and reverse-transcription PCR. It was observed that GAG significantly increased the cAMP content (p &lt; 0.05, p &lt; 0.01) and decreased the TXB2 and GPIIb/IIIa concentrations (p &lt; 0.05, p &lt; 0.01) in rat platelets. GAG significantly enhanced the phosphorylation levels of PKA and VASP in rat platelets (p &lt; 0.01) and had a synergistic effect with the P<sub>2</sub>Y<sub>12</sub> receptor blocker. GAG significantly reduced the expression level of P<sub>2</sub>Y<sub>12</sub> gene in rat platelets (p &lt; 0.01). We speculated that GAG from U. unicinctus inhibited platelet aggregation in rats through the P<sub>2</sub>Y<sub>12</sub> receptor signaling pathway.</div>


<div>Effects of Glycosaminoglycan from <em>Urechis Unicinctus</em> on the P<sub>2</sub>Y<sub>12</sub> Receptor Signaling Pathway in Rat Platelets</div>


Phosphoprotein gene of peste des petits ruminants virus: unsuitable for lineage determination

Effects of Glycosaminoglycan from Urechis Unicinctus on the P2Y12 Receptor Signaling Pathway in Rat Platelets

Effects of Glycosaminoglycan from Urechis Unicinctus on the P₂Y₁₂ Receptor Signaling Pathway in Rat Platelets