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Research Article

volume 53 issue 7 (july 2019) : 949-953,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3702

Phosphoprotein gene of peste des petits ruminants virus: unsuitable for lineage determination

S
subhasree Pradhan
A
A. Thangavelu
A
A. Srithar
T
T.M.A. Senthilkumar
J
J. John Kirubaharan
1Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai-600 051, Tamil Nadu, India.
Cite article:- Pradhan subhasree, Thangavelu A., Srithar A., Senthilkumar T.M.A., Kirubaharan John J. (2019). Phosphoprotein gene of peste des petits ruminants virus: unsuitable for lineage determination. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(7): 949-953. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3702.

ABSTRACT

The nucleotide sequence of phosphorprotein (P) gene of a recent isolate of Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV/INDIA/TN/Apampattu/2014) was determined by RT-PCR amplification and sequencing. The sequence analysis showed that phosphoprotein gene sequence of this isolate has 87-98 percent identity with other Indian PPRV. At amino acid level, the identity was 84-98 percent with recent Indian PPRV isolates and 95 percent with Sungri/96 isolate. Surprisingly, when phylogenetic analysis was conducted with all the available ‘P’ gene sequences in genbank along with our sequence, it depicted more than four lineages in the phylogenetic tree. This is not in compliance with the PPRV ‘F’ and ‘N’ gene based and whole genome sequence based phylogenetic analysis. This concluded that PPRV ‘P’ gene based analysis is not suitable for lineage detection. Meanwhile, the PPRV/INDIA/TN/Apampattu/2014 isolate was found to group with Indian isolates coming under lineage IV. Therefore, ’P’ gene based analysis could be of help to cluster new isolates into close related groups. 

REFERENCES

  1. Afonso, C.L., Amarasinghe G.K., Bányai K., Bào Y., Basler C.F. , Bavari S.,    Bejerman N., Blasdell K.R., Briand F.X., Briese T. and Bukreyev A., (2016). Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales. Archives of virology, 161(8) : 2351-2360.
  2. Baron, M.D., Diallo A., Lancelot R. and Libeau G., (2016). Chapter One-Peste des Petits Ruminants Vvirus. Advances in Virus Research, 95: 1-42.
  3. Bellini, W.J., Englund G., Rozenblatt S., Arnheiter H. and Richardson C.D., (1985). Measles virus P gene codes for two proteins. J Virol.,53(3): 908-919.
  4. Cattaneo, R., Kaelin K., Baczko K. and Billeter M.A., (1989). Measles virus editing provides an additional cysteine-rich protein. Cell, 56(5): 759-764.
  5. Dhar, P., Sreenivasa, B.P., Barrett, T., Corteyn, M., Singh, R.P. and Bandyopadhyay, S.K., (2002). Recent epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). Veterinary microbiology, 88(2),153-159.
  6. FAO, OIE, (2015). Global Strategy for the control and eradication of Peste Des Petits Ruminants, FAO, Rome. http://www.fao.org/3/    a-i4460e.pdf.Acessed on 1/3/2016
  7. Gibbs, E. P., Taylor W.P., Lawman M. J., and Bryant J., (1979). Classification of peste des petits ruminants virus as the fourth member of the genus Morbillivirus. Intervirology, 11:268–274.
  8. Hall, T.A., (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. In Nucleic acids symposium series, 41(41): 95-98.
  9. Hausmann, S., Garcin D., Delenda C. and Kolakofsky D., (1999). The versatility of paramyxovirus RNA polymerase stuttering. J Virol., 73(7): 5568-5576.
  10. International committee for taxonomy of viruses (ICTV)–2016 classification. www.ictvonline.org
  11. Kul, O., Kabakci N., Atmaca H.T. and Ozkul A., (2007). Natural peste des petits ruminants virus infection: novel pathologic findings resembling other morbillivirus infections. Vet Pathol., 44(4): 479-486.
  12. Kumar, S. K., Sundarapandian G., Parimal R., Thangavelu A., Arumugam R., Chandran N.D.J., Aravindh B., Muniraju M., Mahapatra M., Banyard A.C., B.M. Manohar, and S. Parida, (2014). Molecular characterisation of Lineage IV Peste des petits ruminants virus using multi gene sequence data. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 20 : 2176–2178.
  13. Mahapatra, M., Parida S., Egziabher B.G., Diallo A. and Barrett T., (2003). Sequence analysis of the phosphoprotein gene of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus: editing of the gene transcript. Virus Res., 96(1):85-98.
  14. Muthuchelvan, D; Sanyal A.; Sarkar J.; Sreenivasa B.P. and Bandyopadhyay S.K., (2006). Comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of the phosphoprotein gene of peste des petits ruminants vaccine virus of Indian origin. Research in Veterinary Science,81: 158–164
  15. Nanda, Y.P., Chatterjee, A., Purohit, A.K., Diallo, A., Innui, K., Sharma, R.N., Libeau, G., et al (1996). The isolation of peste des petits ruminants virus from Northern India. Veterinary microbiology, 51(3-4), pp.207-216.
  16. Parida, S., Couacy-Hymann, E., Pope, R.A., Mahapatra, M., Harrak, El., Brownlie, J. and Banyard, A.C. (2015). Pathology of peste des petits ruminants. In Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus : 51-67.
  17. Pope, R.A., Parida, S., Bailey, D., Brownlie, J., Barrett T. and Banyard, A.C. (2013). Early events following experimental infection with peste-des-petitsruminants virus suggest immune cell targeting. PloS one, 8(2): 55830.
  18. Sahu, A.R., Wani, S.A., Saminathan, M., Rajak K.K., Sahoo, A.P., Pandey, A., Saxena, S., et al. (2017). Genome sequencing of an Indian peste des petits ruminants virus isolate, Izatnagar/94, and its implications for virus diversity, divergence and phylogeography. Archives of Virology, 162(6) : 1677-1693.
  19. Vidal, S., Curran J. and Kolakofsky, D. (1990). A stuttering model for paramyxovirus P mRNA editing. EMBO J., 9(6): 2017.
  20. Wernike, K., Eschbaumer, M., Breithaupt, A., Maltzan, J., Wiesner, H., Beer M. and Hoffmann, B. (2014). Experimental infection of sheep and goats with a recent isolate of peste des petitsruminants virus from Kurdistan. Vet Microbiol., 172(1):140-145.
  21. Manimaran, K., Selvaraj, J., Jaisree, S., Babu, R.A., Hemalatha, S., Raja, A. and Roy, P. ( 2017). An outbreak of peste des petitis ruminants in sheep and goats at Salem district of Tamil Nadu, India. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 51(2): 332-335.
  22. Yapici, O., Bulut, O., Avci, O., Kale, M., Tursumbetov, M., Yavru, S., Simsek, A. and Abdýkerimov, K. (2014). First report on seroprevalenceofbluetongue, border disease and peste des petits ruminants virus infections in sheep in Kyrgyzstan. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 48(5): 469-472. 
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 7 (july 2019) : 949-953,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3702

    Phosphoprotein gene of peste des petits ruminants virus: unsuitable for lineage determination

    S
    subhasree Pradhan
    A
    A. Thangavelu
    A
    A. Srithar
    T
    T.M.A. Senthilkumar
    J
    J. John Kirubaharan
    1Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai-600 051, Tamil Nadu, India.
    Cite article:- Pradhan subhasree, Thangavelu A., Srithar A., Senthilkumar T.M.A., Kirubaharan John J. (2019). Phosphoprotein gene of peste des petits ruminants virus: unsuitable for lineage determination. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(7): 949-953. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3702.

    ABSTRACT

    The nucleotide sequence of phosphorprotein (P) gene of a recent isolate of Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV/INDIA/TN/Apampattu/2014) was determined by RT-PCR amplification and sequencing. The sequence analysis showed that phosphoprotein gene sequence of this isolate has 87-98 percent identity with other Indian PPRV. At amino acid level, the identity was 84-98 percent with recent Indian PPRV isolates and 95 percent with Sungri/96 isolate. Surprisingly, when phylogenetic analysis was conducted with all the available ‘P’ gene sequences in genbank along with our sequence, it depicted more than four lineages in the phylogenetic tree. This is not in compliance with the PPRV ‘F’ and ‘N’ gene based and whole genome sequence based phylogenetic analysis. This concluded that PPRV ‘P’ gene based analysis is not suitable for lineage detection. Meanwhile, the PPRV/INDIA/TN/Apampattu/2014 isolate was found to group with Indian isolates coming under lineage IV. Therefore, ’P’ gene based analysis could be of help to cluster new isolates into close related groups. 

    REFERENCES

    1. Afonso, C.L., Amarasinghe G.K., Bányai K., Bào Y., Basler C.F. , Bavari S.,    Bejerman N., Blasdell K.R., Briand F.X., Briese T. and Bukreyev A., (2016). Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales. Archives of virology, 161(8) : 2351-2360.
    2. Baron, M.D., Diallo A., Lancelot R. and Libeau G., (2016). Chapter One-Peste des Petits Ruminants Vvirus. Advances in Virus Research, 95: 1-42.
    3. Bellini, W.J., Englund G., Rozenblatt S., Arnheiter H. and Richardson C.D., (1985). Measles virus P gene codes for two proteins. J Virol.,53(3): 908-919.
    4. Cattaneo, R., Kaelin K., Baczko K. and Billeter M.A., (1989). Measles virus editing provides an additional cysteine-rich protein. Cell, 56(5): 759-764.
    5. Dhar, P., Sreenivasa, B.P., Barrett, T., Corteyn, M., Singh, R.P. and Bandyopadhyay, S.K., (2002). Recent epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). Veterinary microbiology, 88(2),153-159.
    6. FAO, OIE, (2015). Global Strategy for the control and eradication of Peste Des Petits Ruminants, FAO, Rome. http://www.fao.org/3/    a-i4460e.pdf.Acessed on 1/3/2016
    7. Gibbs, E. P., Taylor W.P., Lawman M. J., and Bryant J., (1979). Classification of peste des petits ruminants virus as the fourth member of the genus Morbillivirus. Intervirology, 11:268–274.
    8. Hall, T.A., (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. In Nucleic acids symposium series, 41(41): 95-98.
    9. Hausmann, S., Garcin D., Delenda C. and Kolakofsky D., (1999). The versatility of paramyxovirus RNA polymerase stuttering. J Virol., 73(7): 5568-5576.
    10. International committee for taxonomy of viruses (ICTV)–2016 classification. www.ictvonline.org
    11. Kul, O., Kabakci N., Atmaca H.T. and Ozkul A., (2007). Natural peste des petits ruminants virus infection: novel pathologic findings resembling other morbillivirus infections. Vet Pathol., 44(4): 479-486.
    12. Kumar, S. K., Sundarapandian G., Parimal R., Thangavelu A., Arumugam R., Chandran N.D.J., Aravindh B., Muniraju M., Mahapatra M., Banyard A.C., B.M. Manohar, and S. Parida, (2014). Molecular characterisation of Lineage IV Peste des petits ruminants virus using multi gene sequence data. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 20 : 2176–2178.
    13. Mahapatra, M., Parida S., Egziabher B.G., Diallo A. and Barrett T., (2003). Sequence analysis of the phosphoprotein gene of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus: editing of the gene transcript. Virus Res., 96(1):85-98.
    14. Muthuchelvan, D; Sanyal A.; Sarkar J.; Sreenivasa B.P. and Bandyopadhyay S.K., (2006). Comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of the phosphoprotein gene of peste des petits ruminants vaccine virus of Indian origin. Research in Veterinary Science,81: 158–164
    15. Nanda, Y.P., Chatterjee, A., Purohit, A.K., Diallo, A., Innui, K., Sharma, R.N., Libeau, G., et al (1996). The isolation of peste des petits ruminants virus from Northern India. Veterinary microbiology, 51(3-4), pp.207-216.
    16. Parida, S., Couacy-Hymann, E., Pope, R.A., Mahapatra, M., Harrak, El., Brownlie, J. and Banyard, A.C. (2015). Pathology of peste des petits ruminants. In Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus : 51-67.
    17. Pope, R.A., Parida, S., Bailey, D., Brownlie, J., Barrett T. and Banyard, A.C. (2013). Early events following experimental infection with peste-des-petitsruminants virus suggest immune cell targeting. PloS one, 8(2): 55830.
    18. Sahu, A.R., Wani, S.A., Saminathan, M., Rajak K.K., Sahoo, A.P., Pandey, A., Saxena, S., et al. (2017). Genome sequencing of an Indian peste des petits ruminants virus isolate, Izatnagar/94, and its implications for virus diversity, divergence and phylogeography. Archives of Virology, 162(6) : 1677-1693.
    19. Vidal, S., Curran J. and Kolakofsky, D. (1990). A stuttering model for paramyxovirus P mRNA editing. EMBO J., 9(6): 2017.
    20. Wernike, K., Eschbaumer, M., Breithaupt, A., Maltzan, J., Wiesner, H., Beer M. and Hoffmann, B. (2014). Experimental infection of sheep and goats with a recent isolate of peste des petitsruminants virus from Kurdistan. Vet Microbiol., 172(1):140-145.
    21. Manimaran, K., Selvaraj, J., Jaisree, S., Babu, R.A., Hemalatha, S., Raja, A. and Roy, P. ( 2017). An outbreak of peste des petitis ruminants in sheep and goats at Salem district of Tamil Nadu, India. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 51(2): 332-335.
    22. Yapici, O., Bulut, O., Avci, O., Kale, M., Tursumbetov, M., Yavru, S., Simsek, A. and Abdýkerimov, K. (2014). First report on seroprevalenceofbluetongue, border disease and peste des petits ruminants virus infections in sheep in Kyrgyzstan. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 48(5): 469-472. 
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