<div style="text-align:justify">The study was conducted to record the various clinical, electrocardiographic, radiographic and echocardiographic changes in dogs with Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) due to mitral valve disease (MVD). Among the MVD, dogs 15.5 per cent, 8.7 per cent and 4.8 per cent had mild PH, moderate PH and severe PH respectively. A highly significant increase in tricuspid regurgitation velocity (&gt;2.5 mm/Hg), tricuspid regurgitation peak gradient (&gt;25 mm Hg), was recorded in dogs with mild, moderate and severe PH due to MVD when compared to their disease control. A highly significant increase in of MPA/Ao (&gt;0.8) &nbsp;ratio was recorded in dogs with various degree of PH (mild, moderate and severe) when compared with dogs without PH. According to the severity tricuspid regurgitation flow pattern in the right atrium during systole was recorded in all these dogs. In dogs with MVD, moderate to severe PH worsens outcome.&nbsp;</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Prevalence of Pulmonary Hypertension in Dogs with Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease&nbsp;</div>

<div><strong>Background: </strong>Angiogenesis is the process of using existent vascular bed to form new blood vessels. Neoangiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of cancer for tumour progression and metastasis. Microvessel density (MVD) is a powerful prognostic tool in oncology for assessing the tumour vasculature. Endoglin (CD 105) is a specific marker for activated endothelium. The present research intends to investigate the prognostic and metastatic potential of Endoglin (CD 105) and immunohistochemical expression in canine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).&nbsp;<br />
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<strong>Methods: </strong>Totally, 15 SCC were collected from the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Tirunelveli during a one year period. The tumours were histopathologically identified as different grades. Immunohistochemically analysed with Endoglin (CD 105) and Peritumoural microvessel density and intratumourl microvessel density (PTMVD and ITMVD) were calculated using the &ldquo;hot spot method&rdquo;.&nbsp;<br />
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<strong>Result: </strong>All the cases were positive for CD 105 and were strongly stained with both peritumoural and intratumoural blood vessels. Among the different types of SCC, Grade III had the highest values of microvessel density. The study concluded that different grades have different MVD values within SCC cases, thereby reflecting the behaviour of neoplasms directly. Endoglin (CD 105) is one of the best endothelial markers to determine MVD because it aids to assess the prognostic and metastatic potential of tumours and it plays a significant role in the estimation of overall survival period after surgery.</div>


Prevalence of Pulmonary Hypertension in Dogs with Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease

Immunohistochemical Evalution of Endoglin (CD 105) as Angiogenic Endothelial Marker of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Dogs