<div><strong>Background:</strong> Gastrointestinal (g.i.) nematodoses is the main constrain in sheep husbandry and control of g.i. nematodes is challenging due to anthelmintic resistance. Exploitation of host resistance could be an alternative approach to nematodes.<br />
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<strong>Methods: </strong>Within breed resistance of Garole sheep to g.i. nematodoses was determined in terms of monthly faecal egg count (FEC), Hb concentration and PCV% in 4- 6-months-old Garole sheep (n=80) in South 24 Parganas district from April, 2018 to March, 2019. On the basis of 6 months&rsquo; FEC data sheep were divided into resistant and susceptible group and Hb and PCV were measured in 15 animals from each group at monthly interval.&nbsp;<br />
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<strong>Result: </strong>The prevalence of g.i. nematodes was 70 per cent and <em>Haemonchus contortus </em>was the predominant species. The overall FEC in Garole sheep was 360.67 in terms of eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces. Among the 80 Garole sheep 28 sheep showed persistent low FEC. The mean EPG of resistant group were 97.62 whereas, mean EPG of susceptible group were 502.31. In resistant sheep Hb and PCV did not vary whereas, in susceptible Hb and PCV reduced significantly (P&lt;0.05) than the resistant sheep. Within breed resistance was present in Garole sheep and that could be utilized in selection of resistant breed.</div>


<p>Within Breed Resistance to Naturally Occurring Gastrointestinal Nematodoses in Garole Sheep of West Bengal, India</p>


<div><strong>Background: </strong>Nowadays, the infertility and abortion due to different etiological factors are very fatal cause of economic loss in animal husbandry practices. Infections outreach when natural immune defense barrier breaks down resulting in abortion, miscarriage. The gravid and non-gravid genitalias have self-defense power in the form of natural immunity and lymphocytes and their subsets are major responsible immune components. The current study was aimed to evaluate the changes of uterine structure and population of immune cells in pregnancy.<br />
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<strong>Methods: </strong>During the period of 2017-2018, apparently healthy 6 gravid and 6 non-gravid uterus of Garole ewes were procured from Govt. registered slaughter unit, West Bengal. The samples were processed for routine histological sectioning and different staining techniques were followed for assessment of structural modification. For immune cells identification, immunohistochemistry was performed.<br />
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<strong>Result:</strong> The endometrial thickness and the lining epithelial height of the gravid uterus were maximum. The number as well as size of the caruncles were maximum in gravid uterus. The uterine glands of the gravid uterus were hyperplastic and the epithelium showed stronger PAS-AB reaction. The myometrial thickness was more in the gravid uterus. The lymphocytes were especially abundant in the basal zone of endometrium and their population was more at the middle part of the uterus. The occurrence of CD8+ cells was found within the luminal and glandular epithelium of the caruncular and inter caruncular areas. In the gravid uterus, comparatively the population of CD8+ cells was more. As the CD8, cytotoxic T cells inhibit anti-foetal response, increase natural immune defensive barrier and destroy intracellular pathogens, we may conclude that increased population of CD8+ cells maintain the successful pregnancy.</div>


<p>​Structural Modification and CD8+ Cells Distribution of Uterus in Pregnancy of Ewes</p>


<div>The main objective of the study is to increase the meat production by rearing of Avishaan sheep. Avishaan sheep is a prolific sheep which is developed through crossing of three indigenous sheep breed (Garole, Malpura and Patanwadi). Avishaan sheep produce more number of lambs due to presence of FecB gene, inherited from microsheep Garole of West Bengal state of India. Avishaan sheep has better reproductive efficiency and litter size as compared to non-prolific Indian sheep breeds. Avishaan sheep has higher litter size, more litter weight and sufficient milk for their neonates. Therefore, it will be boon for farmers toward doubling the income by selling additional lambs received due to prolificacy trait inheritance. At commercial level, under intensive system, Avishaan sheep farming is most suitable for maximum profit. In future, due to declining natural resources, Avishaan sheep will fulfill the increasing meat demand of the nation.</div>


Within Breed Resistance to Naturally Occurring Gastrointestinal Nematodoses in Garole Sheep of West Bengal, India

​Structural Modification and CD8+ Cells Distribution of Uterus in Pregnancy of Ewes

Prolific Avishaan Sheep Toward Doubling the Farmer Income: A Review

Structural Modification and CD8+ Cells Distribution of Uterus in Pregnancy of Ewes