<p>The objective of the present investigation is to develop a suitable protocol for low fat synbiotic yoghurt with inclusion of L. acidophilus (probiotic), Inulin and Fructo oligosaccharides (prebiotics). The prebiotic yoghurts were prepared by using control yoghurt and addition of prebiotics. The nutritional profile of control yoghurt (CY), prebiotic yoghurt (PY) and Synbiotic yoghurt(SY) were studied. The nutritional profile of the products studied includes mineral composition, carbohydrate and in vitro calcium availability. The carbohydrate profiles determined were the total soluble sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugars. The prebiotics (which are fructose polymers) containing yoghurt exhibited a high sugar profile. The prebiotic yoghurt showed high mineral profile of Ca, Mg, and P followed by synbiotic yoghurt. In vitro calcium availability was found higher in samples containing inulin and/ FOS. Prebiotic yoghurt samples showed higher sensory acceptability scores than other samples. Texture profile analysis further confirmed improvement in textural parameters in samples containing prebiotics. Thus, the present investigation resulted in the development of low fat prebiotic and synbiotic yoghurts with improved functionality and enhanced therapeutic benefits, suitable for infants and elderly owing to its better digestibility and high nutrient availability, for boosting the immune system and for producing beneficial clinical and systemic effects.</p>


<p>Effect of inulin, fructooligosaccharides and L. acidophilus in&nbsp;formulating a synbiotic yoghurt &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>


<div style="text-align: justify;">To explore the differentially expressed mRNAs between oxidative and glycolytic muscles, Qianbei black pigs were slaughtered and longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) and psoas major muscle (PMM) were selected and sequenced using Illumina Hiseq TM 4000. Bioinformatics analysis and differentially expressed genes were analyzed by GO and KEGG. qRT-PCR was used to validate the RNA-seq result. As a result, 69 differentially expressed genes were identified, with 46 down regulated genes and 23 up regulated genes in LDM versus PMM, which were categorized into 44 functional groups under three GO classifications. KEGG pathway analysis revealed 20 pathways were enriched. qRT-PCR shows the expression trends of ND6, MYH7, TBX1, FOS and SLC7A5 are consist with the RNA-seq result. We speculated these five genes may involve in differentiation of muscle cells, metabolism of carbohydrate and lipid, deposits of intramuscular fat and transformation of different types of muscle fibers.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Comparing the mRNA Expression Profile of Psoas Major and Longissimus Dorsi Muscles in Pig</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">A feeding trial was conducted to assess the effect of prebiotics on intestinal histo-morphometry and gut health status of broiler chickens. A total number of 240 day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to six dietary treatment groups having five replicates each with eight birds per replicate for six weeks. A basal corn-soybean diet was formulated that served as control (T1). The rest five test dietary treatments were prepared by adding antibiotic (bacitracin methylene di-salicylate-BMD at 0.002% of diet (T2), prebiotics i.e., mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) at 0.1% or 0.2% (T3 and T4) and fructo oligosaccharides (FOS) at 0.1% or 0.2% (T5, T6 respectively) with basal diet. Total anaerobes counts were significantly (P&lt;0.05) reduced at 21 and 42 d at ileum in T2, T3 and T4 groups whereas, coliforms count were reduced (P&lt;0.05) in T2 and T3 groups. However, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count were significantly (P&lt;0.05) increased in T3 and T4 groups but lactobacillus count were increased (P&lt;0.05) in only T3 group at 21 and 42 d in ileum. Villus height (VH) and width (VW) were significantly increased (P&lt;0.05) at 21d and 42 d in T3 and T4 groups, whereas, at 21 d, crypt depth (CD) were increased (P&lt;0.05) in T3 and T4 groups but at 42 d, CD were significantly improved in T3 and T4 or T5 and T6 groups. No significant (P&gt;0.05) differences were observed in ratio between VH and CD at 21d or 42 d. &nbsp;Thus, it might he concluded that 0.1% or 0.2% MOS inclusion in basal diet improved intestinal histo-morphometry and gut health in broiler chickens and it is a better alternate feed additive to replacement of antibiotic growth promoter.&nbsp;</div>

Effect of inulin, fructooligosaccharides and L. acidophilus in formulating a synbiotic yoghurt

Comparing the mRNA Expression Profile of Psoas Major and Longissimus Dorsi Muscles in Pig

Effects of prebiotics on intestinal histo-morphometry and gut microflora status of broiler chickens