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Research Article

volume 53 issue 6 (june 2019) : 785-789,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3579

Effects of prebiotics on intestinal histo-morphometry and gut microflora status of broiler chickens 

A
A. Biswas
R
R. Messam
M
M. Kumawat
M
M. Namit
A
A.B. Mandal
N
N.A. Mir
1Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, India.
Cite article:- Biswas A., Messam R., Kumawat M., Namit M., Mandal A.B., Mir N.A. (2018). Effects of prebiotics on intestinal histo-morphometry and gut microflora status of broiler chickens. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(6): 785-789. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3579.

ABSTRACT

A feeding trial was conducted to assess the effect of prebiotics on intestinal histo-morphometry and gut health status of broiler chickens. A total number of 240 day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to six dietary treatment groups having five replicates each with eight birds per replicate for six weeks. A basal corn-soybean diet was formulated that served as control (T1). The rest five test dietary treatments were prepared by adding antibiotic (bacitracin methylene di-salicylate-BMD at 0.002% of diet (T2), prebiotics i.e., mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) at 0.1% or 0.2% (T3 and T4) and fructo oligosaccharides (FOS) at 0.1% or 0.2% (T5, T6 respectively) with basal diet. Total anaerobes counts were significantly (P<0.05) reduced at 21 and 42 d at ileum in T2, T3 and T4 groups whereas, coliforms count were reduced (P<0.05) in T2 and T3 groups. However, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count were significantly (P<0.05) increased in T3 and T4 groups but lactobacillus count were increased (P<0.05) in only T3 group at 21 and 42 d in ileum. Villus height (VH) and width (VW) were significantly increased (P<0.05) at 21d and 42 d in T3 and T4 groups, whereas, at 21 d, crypt depth (CD) were increased (P<0.05) in T3 and T4 groups but at 42 d, CD were significantly improved in T3 and T4 or T5 and T6 groups. No significant (P>0.05) differences were observed in ratio between VH and CD at 21d or 42 d.  Thus, it might he concluded that 0.1% or 0.2% MOS inclusion in basal diet improved intestinal histo-morphometry and gut health in broiler chickens and it is a better alternate feed additive to replacement of antibiotic growth promoter. 

REFERENCES

  1. Adil, S., Tufail, B., Gulam, A., Salahuddin, M., Raquib, M. and Shanaz, S. (2011). Response of broiler chicken to dietary supplementation of organic acids. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 12(3): 498-508.
  2. Banerjee, S.P., Dora, K.C. and Chowdhury, S. (2013). Detection, partial purification and characterization of bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus brevis FPTLB3 isolated from fresh water fish. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 50(1):17-25.
  3. Baurhoo, B., Phillip, L. and Ruiz-Feria, C.A. (2007). Effects of purified lignin and mannan oligosaccharides on intestinal integrity and microbial populations in the ceca and litter of broiler chickens. Journal of Poultry Science, 86:1070-1078.
  4. Bedford, M. (2000). Removal of antibiotic growth promoters from poultry diets: implications and strategies to minimise subsequent problems. World Poultry Science Journal, 56: 347-365.
  5. Dibner, J. J. and Richards, J. D. (2004). Antibiotic growth promoters in agriculture; History and mode of action. Poultry Science, 84:634-643.
  6. Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple range test and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11:1-42. 
  7. Ferket, P.R. (2004). Alternatives to antibiotics in poultry production: Responses, practical experience and recommendations. Nutritional biotechnology in the feed and food industries: Proceedings of Alltech’s 20th Annual Symposium, Kentucky, USA, pp: 56-57.
  8. Gajewska, J., Riedel, J., Bucka, A., Zabik, J. and Michalczuk, M. (2012). Influence of prebiotics and butyric acid on the composition of intestinal microflora of broiler chickens. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Science, 51: 47-53.
  9. Gartner, L.P. and Hiatt, J. L. (2001). Color Textbook of Histology, 2nd ed. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, United States of America.
  10. Ghahri, H., Toloei, T. and Soleimani, H. (2013). Efficacy of antibiotic, probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic on growth performance, organ weights, intestinal histomorphology and immune response in broiler chickens. Global Journal Animal Scientific Research, 1(1): 23-38.
  11. Ghasemi, H.A., Kasani, N. and Taherpour, K. (2014). Effects of black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.), a probiotic, a prebiotic and a synbiotic on growth performance, immune response and blood characteristics of male broilers. Livestock Science, 164:128-34.
  12. Ghosh, H.K., Halder, G., Samanta, G., Paul, S.K. and Pyne, S.K. (2007). effect of dietary supplimentaion os organic acid and mannan    oligosacharide on performance and gut health of Japanese quail. Asian Journal of Poultry Science, 1(1):1-7.
  13. Gunal, M., Yayli, K.O., Karahan N. and Sulak, O. (2006). The effects of antibiotic growth promoter, probiotic or organic acid supplementation on performance, intestinal microflora and tissue of broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science, 5(2):149-155.
  14. Hose, H. and Sozzi, T. 1991. Prebiotics- facts or fraction? Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 51:539-570.
  15. Juven, B.J. and Stern, N.J. (1991). A review: Antagonistic effects of Lactobacilli and Pedococci to control intestinal colonization by human entero-pathogens in live poultry. Journal Applied Bacteriology, 70: 95-103
  16. Kim, G.B., Seo, Y.M., Kim, C.H. and Paik, I.K. ((2010). Effect of dietary prebiotic supplementation on the performance, intestinal microflora, and immune response of broilers. Journal of Poultry Science, 90(1):75-82.
  17. Miles, A.A., Misra, S.S. and Irwin, J.O. (1938). The estimation of the bactericidal power of the blood. Journal of Hygiene, 38: 732-749.
  18. Oliveira, R.P.S., Perego, P., Oliveira M.N. and Converti, A. ((2011). Growth and survival of mixed probiotics in nonfat fermented milk: the effect of inulin. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 24:457-462.
  19. Pelicano, E.R.L., Souza, P.A., Souza, H.B.A. Figueiredo, D.F., Boiago, M.M., Carvalho, S.R. and Bordon, V.F. (2005). Intestinal mucosa development in broiler chickens fed natural growth promoters. Revista Brasilaria de Cieneia Avicola, 7(4):221-229.
  20. Pluske, J. R. and Williams, I. H.(1996). The influence of feeder type and the method of group allocation at weaning on voluntary food intake and growth in piglets. Animal Science, 62:115-120.
  21. Rosen, G.D. (2007). Holo-analysis of the efficacy of Bio-Mos® in broiler nutrition. British Poultry Science, 48:21-26.
  22. Sayrafi, R., Soltanalinejad, F., Shahrooz, R. and Rahimi, S. (2011). Comparative study of the effect of alternative and antibiotic feed additives on the performance and intestinal histo morphometrical parameters of broiler chickens. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6:2794-2799.
  23. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran W.G. (1994). Statistical Methods, Iowa State University ress, Ames, Oxford and IBH. New Delhi, pp 215-237.
  24. Xu, Z.R, Hu, Xia, C.H., Zhan, M.S. and Wang, M.Q. (2003). Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide on digestive enzyme activities, intestinal microflora and morphology of male broilers. Poultry Science, 82(6):1030-1036. 
  25. Yang, Y., Iji, P.A. and Choct, M. (2009). Dietary modulation of gut microflora in broiler chickens: a review of the role of six kinds of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. Journal of Poultry Science, 65: 97-114.
  26. Yang, Y., Iji, P.A., Kocher, A., Thomson, E., Mikkelsen, L.L. and Choct, M. (2008). Effects of mannanoligosaccharide in broiler chicken diets on growth performance, energy utilisation, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microflora. British Poultry Science, 49: 186-194.
  27. Yang, Y., Iji, P.A. and Choct, M. (2007). Effects of different dietary levels of mannan oligosaccharide on growth performance and gut development of broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 20(7): 1084-1091. 
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 6 (june 2019) : 785-789,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3579

    Effects of prebiotics on intestinal histo-morphometry and gut microflora status of broiler chickens 

    A
    A. Biswas
    R
    R. Messam
    M
    M. Kumawat
    M
    M. Namit
    A
    A.B. Mandal
    N
    N.A. Mir
    1Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, India.
    Cite article:- Biswas A., Messam R., Kumawat M., Namit M., Mandal A.B., Mir N.A. (2018). Effects of prebiotics on intestinal histo-morphometry and gut microflora status of broiler chickens. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(6): 785-789. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3579.

    ABSTRACT

    A feeding trial was conducted to assess the effect of prebiotics on intestinal histo-morphometry and gut health status of broiler chickens. A total number of 240 day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to six dietary treatment groups having five replicates each with eight birds per replicate for six weeks. A basal corn-soybean diet was formulated that served as control (T1). The rest five test dietary treatments were prepared by adding antibiotic (bacitracin methylene di-salicylate-BMD at 0.002% of diet (T2), prebiotics i.e., mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) at 0.1% or 0.2% (T3 and T4) and fructo oligosaccharides (FOS) at 0.1% or 0.2% (T5, T6 respectively) with basal diet. Total anaerobes counts were significantly (P<0.05) reduced at 21 and 42 d at ileum in T2, T3 and T4 groups whereas, coliforms count were reduced (P<0.05) in T2 and T3 groups. However, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count were significantly (P<0.05) increased in T3 and T4 groups but lactobacillus count were increased (P<0.05) in only T3 group at 21 and 42 d in ileum. Villus height (VH) and width (VW) were significantly increased (P<0.05) at 21d and 42 d in T3 and T4 groups, whereas, at 21 d, crypt depth (CD) were increased (P<0.05) in T3 and T4 groups but at 42 d, CD were significantly improved in T3 and T4 or T5 and T6 groups. No significant (P>0.05) differences were observed in ratio between VH and CD at 21d or 42 d.  Thus, it might he concluded that 0.1% or 0.2% MOS inclusion in basal diet improved intestinal histo-morphometry and gut health in broiler chickens and it is a better alternate feed additive to replacement of antibiotic growth promoter. 

    REFERENCES

    1. Adil, S., Tufail, B., Gulam, A., Salahuddin, M., Raquib, M. and Shanaz, S. (2011). Response of broiler chicken to dietary supplementation of organic acids. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 12(3): 498-508.
    2. Banerjee, S.P., Dora, K.C. and Chowdhury, S. (2013). Detection, partial purification and characterization of bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus brevis FPTLB3 isolated from fresh water fish. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 50(1):17-25.
    3. Baurhoo, B., Phillip, L. and Ruiz-Feria, C.A. (2007). Effects of purified lignin and mannan oligosaccharides on intestinal integrity and microbial populations in the ceca and litter of broiler chickens. Journal of Poultry Science, 86:1070-1078.
    4. Bedford, M. (2000). Removal of antibiotic growth promoters from poultry diets: implications and strategies to minimise subsequent problems. World Poultry Science Journal, 56: 347-365.
    5. Dibner, J. J. and Richards, J. D. (2004). Antibiotic growth promoters in agriculture; History and mode of action. Poultry Science, 84:634-643.
    6. Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple range test and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11:1-42. 
    7. Ferket, P.R. (2004). Alternatives to antibiotics in poultry production: Responses, practical experience and recommendations. Nutritional biotechnology in the feed and food industries: Proceedings of Alltech’s 20th Annual Symposium, Kentucky, USA, pp: 56-57.
    8. Gajewska, J., Riedel, J., Bucka, A., Zabik, J. and Michalczuk, M. (2012). Influence of prebiotics and butyric acid on the composition of intestinal microflora of broiler chickens. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Science, 51: 47-53.
    9. Gartner, L.P. and Hiatt, J. L. (2001). Color Textbook of Histology, 2nd ed. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, United States of America.
    10. Ghahri, H., Toloei, T. and Soleimani, H. (2013). Efficacy of antibiotic, probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic on growth performance, organ weights, intestinal histomorphology and immune response in broiler chickens. Global Journal Animal Scientific Research, 1(1): 23-38.
    11. Ghasemi, H.A., Kasani, N. and Taherpour, K. (2014). Effects of black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.), a probiotic, a prebiotic and a synbiotic on growth performance, immune response and blood characteristics of male broilers. Livestock Science, 164:128-34.
    12. Ghosh, H.K., Halder, G., Samanta, G., Paul, S.K. and Pyne, S.K. (2007). effect of dietary supplimentaion os organic acid and mannan    oligosacharide on performance and gut health of Japanese quail. Asian Journal of Poultry Science, 1(1):1-7.
    13. Gunal, M., Yayli, K.O., Karahan N. and Sulak, O. (2006). The effects of antibiotic growth promoter, probiotic or organic acid supplementation on performance, intestinal microflora and tissue of broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science, 5(2):149-155.
    14. Hose, H. and Sozzi, T. 1991. Prebiotics- facts or fraction? Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. 51:539-570.
    15. Juven, B.J. and Stern, N.J. (1991). A review: Antagonistic effects of Lactobacilli and Pedococci to control intestinal colonization by human entero-pathogens in live poultry. Journal Applied Bacteriology, 70: 95-103
    16. Kim, G.B., Seo, Y.M., Kim, C.H. and Paik, I.K. ((2010). Effect of dietary prebiotic supplementation on the performance, intestinal microflora, and immune response of broilers. Journal of Poultry Science, 90(1):75-82.
    17. Miles, A.A., Misra, S.S. and Irwin, J.O. (1938). The estimation of the bactericidal power of the blood. Journal of Hygiene, 38: 732-749.
    18. Oliveira, R.P.S., Perego, P., Oliveira M.N. and Converti, A. ((2011). Growth and survival of mixed probiotics in nonfat fermented milk: the effect of inulin. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 24:457-462.
    19. Pelicano, E.R.L., Souza, P.A., Souza, H.B.A. Figueiredo, D.F., Boiago, M.M., Carvalho, S.R. and Bordon, V.F. (2005). Intestinal mucosa development in broiler chickens fed natural growth promoters. Revista Brasilaria de Cieneia Avicola, 7(4):221-229.
    20. Pluske, J. R. and Williams, I. H.(1996). The influence of feeder type and the method of group allocation at weaning on voluntary food intake and growth in piglets. Animal Science, 62:115-120.
    21. Rosen, G.D. (2007). Holo-analysis of the efficacy of Bio-Mos® in broiler nutrition. British Poultry Science, 48:21-26.
    22. Sayrafi, R., Soltanalinejad, F., Shahrooz, R. and Rahimi, S. (2011). Comparative study of the effect of alternative and antibiotic feed additives on the performance and intestinal histo morphometrical parameters of broiler chickens. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6:2794-2799.
    23. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran W.G. (1994). Statistical Methods, Iowa State University ress, Ames, Oxford and IBH. New Delhi, pp 215-237.
    24. Xu, Z.R, Hu, Xia, C.H., Zhan, M.S. and Wang, M.Q. (2003). Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide on digestive enzyme activities, intestinal microflora and morphology of male broilers. Poultry Science, 82(6):1030-1036. 
    25. Yang, Y., Iji, P.A. and Choct, M. (2009). Dietary modulation of gut microflora in broiler chickens: a review of the role of six kinds of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. Journal of Poultry Science, 65: 97-114.
    26. Yang, Y., Iji, P.A., Kocher, A., Thomson, E., Mikkelsen, L.L. and Choct, M. (2008). Effects of mannanoligosaccharide in broiler chicken diets on growth performance, energy utilisation, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microflora. British Poultry Science, 49: 186-194.
    27. Yang, Y., Iji, P.A. and Choct, M. (2007). Effects of different dietary levels of mannan oligosaccharide on growth performance and gut development of broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 20(7): 1084-1091. 
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