<div>Background: Agricultural chemicals, metals, industrial effluents, plastics, excessive dumping of unused and expired pharmaceutical chemicals etc. contaminate terrestrial, aquatic and aerial environment. The excessive usage of the unwanted chemicals elicits undesirable effects in the non target organism inhabited in the various environments. The soil biota like earthworm faces threats of the environmental contaminants. A number of research works has been carried out to study the impact of certain environmental pollutants on the terrestrial inhabitant like earthworms which are widely utilized in the waste disposal management. Tamarind shell waste is considered one of the unwanted materials dumped in the road side and being discharged from industry and from the houses. The bio waste is now a day&rsquo;s utilized for various purposes. The environmental contaminants such as diclofenac and bisphenol-A are discharged into the environment and finally reach the terrestrial environment where the inhabitants are adversely affected. Hence the study has been focused to analyze the efficiency of earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae in the conversion of tamarind shell waste mixed separately with Diclofenac and bisphenol-A.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: Vermibed was prepared for the present work. The vermibed contains cow dung and garden soil which are common in all the pots. One pot was considered as control. The second pot was mixed with tamarind shell waste. The third pot was mixed with diclofenac and finally in the last pot bisphenol-A was taken. Healthy earworms were selected and released to the four pots. The experimental set up was maintained for 30 days. Correlation matrix and t-test was performed to understand the significance of the results. 
 
Result: The study revealed the impact of pollutants on the bioconversion of tamarind shell waste. The contaminants like diclofenac and bisphenol-A significantly decreased the micro and macro nutrient levels. The phosphorous, nitrogen and potassium level showed a decrease when compared to control on 30th day in the diclofenac treatment. The nitrogen value was also decreased in the bisphenol-A treated compost on 30th day and the value was statistically significant. The other nutrients, phosphorous and iron were also decreased significantly (P&lt;0.05) in the treatment and correlation matrix showed positive and negative correlation with micro and macro nutrients. The physico-chemical characters such as pH and electrical conductivity are also altered in the experimental conditions.</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">Studies on the Efficiency of Eudrilus eugeniae in the Bioconversion of Tamarind Fruit Shell Waste Mixed with Diclofenac and Bisphenol-A</div>

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an essential monomer used in the manufacturing of polymers. They can bind to oestrogen receptors as agonists/antagonists, causing adverse effects on metabolic and endocrine system function. The current study aims to investigate the toxic effects of bisphenol A at various concentrations on male albino rats. 
 
Methods: Twenty male albino rats were equally divided into four groups [Gp1, control; Gp2, 25 mg/kg b.wt. of BPA; Gp3, 50 mg/kg b.wt. of BPA; Gp4, 100 mg/kg b.wt. of BPA], all groups were treated orally for 35 days. 
 
Result: Through the results, significant (P&le;0.01) reductions were observed in the levels of sexual hormones (Testosterone (tt), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing (Hormone (LH) and Estrogen, for all groups dosed with BPA. Our results showed a significant (P&le;0.01) decrease in the count of sperm, viability and sperm motility, for all groups dosed with BPA in contrast to the group under control. Bisphenol A at different doses leads to a significant (P&le;0.01) increase in liver enzymes (AST and ALT) for all treated groups in contrast to the group under control, with various histological changes in the liver, including multiple severe fibrosis of the portal area and multiple sever portal amyloidosis and congestion with fibro portal extension to neighboring areas.

The Effects of Bisphenol A of Polycarbonate Plastics on Various Blood and Fertility Parameters, along with Histological Changes in Male Albino Rats