<div style="text-align: justify;">The present study was conducted on the scapula of five adult tigers to record the characteristic features of scapula bone. It was placed on lateral aspect of thorax, directed downward and forward. It was in the form of wide plate having scapular spine on lateral aspect. The height of spine increased gradually towards the distal end. The acromian process was subdivided into hamate process and suprahamate process. Hamate process overhanged the glenoid cavity. The suprahamate process was in the form of thin triangular plate directed backwards. The supraspinous fossa presented undulating surface in its middle. The infraspinous fossa was triangular and more or less flattened. Subscapular fossa was shallow and presented two prominent ridges. The caudal angle of the scapula was terminated in to glenoid cavity which was oval to quadrangular in shape. Cranial and proximal to the glenoid cavity prominent supraglenoid tubercle was observed which had hook shaped coracoid process. Scapula of both the sides were morphologically similar but the morphometrical values for the right scapula were non-significantly higher than the left counterpart (t&lt; 0.05), which may be of some biomechanical importance.</div>

Gross anatomy of scapula in Tiger (<em>Panthera tigris</em>)

<div><strong>Background: </strong>Tissue-engineered scaffolds for skin wound healing have undergone marvelous progress. The recognition that a three-dimensional scaffold more closely mimics the biomechanical environment of wounds and advancing knowledge of cell biology has led to the next-generation of engineered bioscaffolds with nanotechnology. A unifying approach is required for the translational success of bioscaffolds, involving clinicians, biologists and chemists. The decellularized materials were expanding their clinical utility due to high clinical results ahead of the ones with autografts. They are gradually gaining market space due to their ease of standardized production, constant availability for grafting and biomechanical/ biochemical advantage. Hence, the present study aimed to develop biobased decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) impregnated with eco-friendly synthesized silver nanoparticles and then to evaluate their wound healing activity the excision wound model of rats.&nbsp;<br />
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<strong>Methods:</strong> The dECM was prepared to achieve acellularity, intactness and adequate tensile strength. The same was confirmed by morphological (histology, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), mechanical (tensile strength) and biological (DNA quantification) analyses. Further, the dECM was impregnated with the eco-friendly synthesized keratin-chitosan-silver nanoparticles to produce &lsquo;NanoBioscaffolds&rsquo; for extended biocompatibility and were evaluated for wound healing activity in rats. &nbsp;<br />
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<strong>Result: </strong>The findings of the histopathology (H and E staining), immunohistochemistry (the proliferative activity of keratinocytes by Ki67 staining) and biochemical analysis (anti oxidative status by catalase estimation) revealed that wound healing activity was promoted by inducing proliferation and migration of the keratinocytes and detoxification of reactive oxygen species activity (ROS) in NanoBioscaffold treated group.</div>


<div>NanoBioscaffolds as Wound Healing Biomaterials in Animals</div>


<div><strong>Background:</strong> The metallic ESF systems are not easily available in the field and have fixed frames leading to less versatility in size and direction. Free forms of external skeletal fixators (acrylic and epoxy-pin) have advantages as they can be customized. Both acrylic and epoxy-pin ESF systems have been evaluated biomechanically in earlier studies; in the present study both are compared clinically.<br />
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<strong>Methods:</strong> Twenty four dogs presented with 27 fractures of long bones, were randomly divided into 4 groups, according to the bones involved, group A was divided into A-I (radius-ulna) and A-II (tibia-fibula) sub-groups and group B was divided into B-I (radius-ulna) and B-II (tibia-fibula) sub-groups.<br />
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<strong>Result:</strong> The mean&plusmn;SE fracture healing time in animals was 48.85&plusmn;2.56 days with no significant difference between two groups.The early presented cases and the ones with less soft tissue trauma showed better gait scores during the follow up period. Both acrylic and epoxy-pin fixators provided stable fixation and the technique can be practiced at field conditions with minimal facilities. Epoxy-pin ESF owing to better handling characteristics of epoxy resin is easier to construct than the acrylic ESF.</div>


Gross anatomy of scapula in Tiger (Panthera tigris)

NanoBioscaffolds as Wound Healing Biomaterials in Animals

Acrylic and Epoxy-pin External Skeletal Fixation Systems for Fracture Management in Dogs