Banner
Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive
Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 46 issue 3 (september 2012) : 269-274

LEAD AND CADMIUM-INDUCED TOXICITY IN GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF BRASSICA NAPUS (L).

S
Shalini Jhanji*
T
T.P.S. Gill
S
S.S. Sidhu
U
U.S. Sadana
1Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141 004, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Jhanji* Shalini, Gill T.P.S., Sidhu S.S., Sadana U.S. (2025). LEAD AND CADMIUM-INDUCED TOXICITY IN GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF BRASSICA NAPUS (L).. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 46(3): 269-274. doi: .

ABSTRACT

A laboratory experiment was set up in order to quantify the impact of different concentrations of lead and cadmium (10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 m mol L-1) on germination physiology of Brassica napus L. The effects of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) on seed germination, seedling growth, seedling dry weight and seedling vigor index were studied. Seed germination, seedling growth and seedling dry weights were significantly affected by different concentrations of Pb and Cd as compared to control. The increase in Pb and Cd concentrations caused progressive reduction in all the seedling growth parameters. Pb and Cd at concentrations of 90 m mol L-1 resulted in highest reduction in seed germination (14 and 21 per cent, respectively), seedling length (25 and 28 per cent, respectively) and dry weight (50 and 62 per cent, respectively) as compared to control. Seedling vigor index of B. napus gradually decreased with the increase in concentrations of Pb and Cd. The seedlings exhibited 77 and 72 percent of tolerance to Pb and Cd respectively at the concentration of 90 m mol L-1. This revealed that the inhibitory effects exhibited by Cd treatments were more prominent as compared to Pb at same concentration indicating higher phytotoxicity of Cd as compared to Pb.

REFERENCES

  1. Attiq-ur-Rehman, S. and Iqbal, M. Z. (2008). Level of heavy metals in the foliage of naturally growing plants collected from Korangi and Landhi industrial area of Karachi city, Pakistan J. Bot. 40(2): 785-789.
  2. Baker, A. J. M. and Brooks, R. R. (1989). Terrestrial higher plants which hyperaccumulate metallic elements-a review of their distribution, ecology and phytochemisty. Biorecovery. 1: 81-126.
  3. Baker, A. J. M., Reeves, R. D. and McGrath, S. P. (1991). In situ decontamination of heavy metal polluted soils using crops of metal-accumulating plants- a feasibility study. In: In Situ bioreclamation, R. L. Hinchee and R. F. Olfenbuttel (ed.s), Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston. pp. 600-605.
  4. Bewly, J. D. and Black, B. M. (1982). Germination of seeds. In: Physiology and biochemistry of seed germination.
  5. A. A. Khan (ed.), Springer Verlag, New York. pp. 40-80.
  6. Bhardwaj, P., Chaturvedi, A. K. and Prasad, P. (2009). Effect of enhanced Lead and Cadmium in soil on physiological and bio-chemical attributes of Phaseolus vulgaris L., Nature & Sci. 7(8): 63-75.
  7. Blaylock, M. J., Salt, D. E., Dushenkov, S., Zakharova, O., Gussman, C., Kapulnic, Y., Ensley, B. D. and Raskin, I. (1997). Enhanced accumulation of Pb in Indian mustard by soil-applied chelating agents. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31: 860-865.
  8. Breckle, S. W. and Kahile, H. (1992). Effects of toxic heavy metals Cd, Pb on growth and mineral nutrition of beech. Vegetation, 101: 43-53.
  9. Burzynski, S. and Mereck, K. (1990). Effect of Pb and Cd on enzymes of nitrate assimilation in cucumber seedling. Acta Physiol. Plant. 12: 105-110.
  10. Datta, J. K., Ghanty, S., Banerjee, A. and Mandal, N. K. (2009). Impact of lead on germination physiology of certain wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). J. Ecophysiol. Occup. Health. 9: 145-151.
  11. Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple Range and Multiple F-Test. Biometrics. 11: 1-42.
  12. Hailing, L. I. U., Qing, L. I. and Peng, Y. (1991). Effects of cadmium on seed germination, seedling growth and oxidase enzyme in crops. Chinese J Environ Sci. 12: 29-31.
  13. Huang, J. W., Chen, J., Berti, W. R. and Cunningham, S. D. (1997). Phytoremediation of lead contaminated soils: role of synthetic chelates in lead phytoextraction. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31: 800-805.
  14. Iqbal, M. Z. and Siddiqui, D. A. (1992). Effect of lead toxicity on seed germination and seedling growth of some road side trees. Pakistan J. Sci. Indus. Res. 35: 139-141.
  15. Kabir, M., Zafar, I. M., Shafiq, M. and Farooqi, Z. R. (2008). Reduction in germination and seedling growth of Thespesia Populnea L. caused bylead and cadmium treatments. Pakistan J. Bot. 40(6): 2419-2426.
  16. Kalimuthu, K. and Siva, S. R. (1990). Physiological effects of heavy metals on Zea mays (maize) seedlings. Indian J. Plant Physio. 33: 242-244.
  17. Lerda, D. (1992). The effect of lead on Alium cepa L. Mutation Res. 231: 80-92.
  18. Li, M., Zhang, L. J., Tao, L. and Li, W. (2008). Ecophysiological responses of Jussiaea rapens to cadmium exposure. Aquatic Bot. 88(4): 347-352.
  19. Liu, D., Jiang, W. and Gao, X. (2004). Effects of cadmium on root growth, cell division and nucleoli in root tips of garlic. Physiologia Plantaru. 47: 79-83.
  20. Mesmer, M. N. and Jaber, K. (1991). The toxic effect of lead on seed germination, growth, chlorophyll and protein contents of wheat and Lens. (Department of Biological Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan). 42(4): 331-335.
  21. Mishra, S. N. and Singh, D. B. (2000). Accumulation of lead and cadmium in upper parts of mustard (Brassica juncea) seedlings in response to putrescine. Indian J. Expt. Biol. 38: 814-818.
  22. Salt, D. E., Blaylock, M., Kumar, P. B. A. N., Dushenkov, V., Ensly, B. D., Chet, I. and Raskin, I. (1995). Phytoremediation: a novel strategy for the removal of toxic metals from the environment using plants. BioTechnology. 13: 468-474.
  23. Shafiq, M. and Iqbal, M. Z. (2005). The toxicity effects of heavy metals on germination and seedling growth of Cassia siamea. L. J. New Seeds, 7: 95-105.
  24. Sharifah, B. A. and Hishashi, O. (1992). Effect of lead, cadmium and zinc on the cell elongation of Impatiens balsmina. Environ. Expt. Biol. 32: 439-448.
  25. Singh, S., Bansal, M. L., Singh, T. P. and Kumar, R. (2001). Statistical Methods for Research Workers, (Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi).
  26. Xiong, Z. T. (1997). Pollution-resistant evolution in plants and its genecological costs. Chinese J. Ecol. 16: 53-57.
  27. Xiong, Z. T. (1998). Lead Uptake and Effects on Seed Germination and Plant Growth in a Pb Hyperaccumulator Brassica pekinensis Rupr. Bull. Environ. Contamination Toxicol. 60: 285-291.
  28. Wójcik, M. and Tukendorf, A. (1999). Cd-tolerance of maize, rye and wheat seedlings, Acta Physiologia. Plantarum. 21: 99-107.
Published In
Indian Journal of Agricultural Research
Article Metrics
Metrics Icon
0
Views
0
Citations
Reviewed By
Share Article
Download Article
In this Article
    Contact us
    Follow us

    volume 46 issue 3 (september 2012) : 269-274

    LEAD AND CADMIUM-INDUCED TOXICITY IN GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF BRASSICA NAPUS (L).

    S
    Shalini Jhanji*
    T
    T.P.S. Gill
    S
    S.S. Sidhu
    U
    U.S. Sadana
    1Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141 004, India

    • Submitted|

    • First Online |

    • doi

    Cite article:- Jhanji* Shalini, Gill T.P.S., Sidhu S.S., Sadana U.S. (2025). LEAD AND CADMIUM-INDUCED TOXICITY IN GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF BRASSICA NAPUS (L).. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 46(3): 269-274. doi: .

    ABSTRACT

    A laboratory experiment was set up in order to quantify the impact of different concentrations of lead and cadmium (10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 m mol L-1) on germination physiology of Brassica napus L. The effects of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) on seed germination, seedling growth, seedling dry weight and seedling vigor index were studied. Seed germination, seedling growth and seedling dry weights were significantly affected by different concentrations of Pb and Cd as compared to control. The increase in Pb and Cd concentrations caused progressive reduction in all the seedling growth parameters. Pb and Cd at concentrations of 90 m mol L-1 resulted in highest reduction in seed germination (14 and 21 per cent, respectively), seedling length (25 and 28 per cent, respectively) and dry weight (50 and 62 per cent, respectively) as compared to control. Seedling vigor index of B. napus gradually decreased with the increase in concentrations of Pb and Cd. The seedlings exhibited 77 and 72 percent of tolerance to Pb and Cd respectively at the concentration of 90 m mol L-1. This revealed that the inhibitory effects exhibited by Cd treatments were more prominent as compared to Pb at same concentration indicating higher phytotoxicity of Cd as compared to Pb.

    REFERENCES

    1. Attiq-ur-Rehman, S. and Iqbal, M. Z. (2008). Level of heavy metals in the foliage of naturally growing plants collected from Korangi and Landhi industrial area of Karachi city, Pakistan J. Bot. 40(2): 785-789.
    2. Baker, A. J. M. and Brooks, R. R. (1989). Terrestrial higher plants which hyperaccumulate metallic elements-a review of their distribution, ecology and phytochemisty. Biorecovery. 1: 81-126.
    3. Baker, A. J. M., Reeves, R. D. and McGrath, S. P. (1991). In situ decontamination of heavy metal polluted soils using crops of metal-accumulating plants- a feasibility study. In: In Situ bioreclamation, R. L. Hinchee and R. F. Olfenbuttel (ed.s), Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston. pp. 600-605.
    4. Bewly, J. D. and Black, B. M. (1982). Germination of seeds. In: Physiology and biochemistry of seed germination.
    5. A. A. Khan (ed.), Springer Verlag, New York. pp. 40-80.
    6. Bhardwaj, P., Chaturvedi, A. K. and Prasad, P. (2009). Effect of enhanced Lead and Cadmium in soil on physiological and bio-chemical attributes of Phaseolus vulgaris L., Nature & Sci. 7(8): 63-75.
    7. Blaylock, M. J., Salt, D. E., Dushenkov, S., Zakharova, O., Gussman, C., Kapulnic, Y., Ensley, B. D. and Raskin, I. (1997). Enhanced accumulation of Pb in Indian mustard by soil-applied chelating agents. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31: 860-865.
    8. Breckle, S. W. and Kahile, H. (1992). Effects of toxic heavy metals Cd, Pb on growth and mineral nutrition of beech. Vegetation, 101: 43-53.
    9. Burzynski, S. and Mereck, K. (1990). Effect of Pb and Cd on enzymes of nitrate assimilation in cucumber seedling. Acta Physiol. Plant. 12: 105-110.
    10. Datta, J. K., Ghanty, S., Banerjee, A. and Mandal, N. K. (2009). Impact of lead on germination physiology of certain wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). J. Ecophysiol. Occup. Health. 9: 145-151.
    11. Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple Range and Multiple F-Test. Biometrics. 11: 1-42.
    12. Hailing, L. I. U., Qing, L. I. and Peng, Y. (1991). Effects of cadmium on seed germination, seedling growth and oxidase enzyme in crops. Chinese J Environ Sci. 12: 29-31.
    13. Huang, J. W., Chen, J., Berti, W. R. and Cunningham, S. D. (1997). Phytoremediation of lead contaminated soils: role of synthetic chelates in lead phytoextraction. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31: 800-805.
    14. Iqbal, M. Z. and Siddiqui, D. A. (1992). Effect of lead toxicity on seed germination and seedling growth of some road side trees. Pakistan J. Sci. Indus. Res. 35: 139-141.
    15. Kabir, M., Zafar, I. M., Shafiq, M. and Farooqi, Z. R. (2008). Reduction in germination and seedling growth of Thespesia Populnea L. caused bylead and cadmium treatments. Pakistan J. Bot. 40(6): 2419-2426.
    16. Kalimuthu, K. and Siva, S. R. (1990). Physiological effects of heavy metals on Zea mays (maize) seedlings. Indian J. Plant Physio. 33: 242-244.
    17. Lerda, D. (1992). The effect of lead on Alium cepa L. Mutation Res. 231: 80-92.
    18. Li, M., Zhang, L. J., Tao, L. and Li, W. (2008). Ecophysiological responses of Jussiaea rapens to cadmium exposure. Aquatic Bot. 88(4): 347-352.
    19. Liu, D., Jiang, W. and Gao, X. (2004). Effects of cadmium on root growth, cell division and nucleoli in root tips of garlic. Physiologia Plantaru. 47: 79-83.
    20. Mesmer, M. N. and Jaber, K. (1991). The toxic effect of lead on seed germination, growth, chlorophyll and protein contents of wheat and Lens. (Department of Biological Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan). 42(4): 331-335.
    21. Mishra, S. N. and Singh, D. B. (2000). Accumulation of lead and cadmium in upper parts of mustard (Brassica juncea) seedlings in response to putrescine. Indian J. Expt. Biol. 38: 814-818.
    22. Salt, D. E., Blaylock, M., Kumar, P. B. A. N., Dushenkov, V., Ensly, B. D., Chet, I. and Raskin, I. (1995). Phytoremediation: a novel strategy for the removal of toxic metals from the environment using plants. BioTechnology. 13: 468-474.
    23. Shafiq, M. and Iqbal, M. Z. (2005). The toxicity effects of heavy metals on germination and seedling growth of Cassia siamea. L. J. New Seeds, 7: 95-105.
    24. Sharifah, B. A. and Hishashi, O. (1992). Effect of lead, cadmium and zinc on the cell elongation of Impatiens balsmina. Environ. Expt. Biol. 32: 439-448.
    25. Singh, S., Bansal, M. L., Singh, T. P. and Kumar, R. (2001). Statistical Methods for Research Workers, (Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi).
    26. Xiong, Z. T. (1997). Pollution-resistant evolution in plants and its genecological costs. Chinese J. Ecol. 16: 53-57.
    27. Xiong, Z. T. (1998). Lead Uptake and Effects on Seed Germination and Plant Growth in a Pb Hyperaccumulator Brassica pekinensis Rupr. Bull. Environ. Contamination Toxicol. 60: 285-291.
    28. Wójcik, M. and Tukendorf, A. (1999). Cd-tolerance of maize, rye and wheat seedlings, Acta Physiologia. Plantarum. 21: 99-107.
    In this Article
      Contact us
      Follow us
      Published In
      Indian Journal of Agricultural Research

      Editorial Board

      View all (0)