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Research Article

volume 53 issue 5 (october 2019) : 572-577,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5166

Heterosis analysis in pearl millet hybrids [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.]

M
M.R. Reshma Krishnan
M
M.S. Patel
R
R.A. Gami
1Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar-385 506, Gujarat, India.
Cite article:- Krishnan Reshma M.R., Patel M.S., Gami R.A. (2019). Heterosis analysis in pearl millet hybrids [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.]. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 53(5): 572-577. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5166.

ABSTRACT

The present investigation was carried out with the objective to ascertain the magnitude of heterosis of 35 hybrids resulted from Line x Tester mating design of seven CMS lines and five restorer tester parents along with the standard check (GHB 558). The highly significant analysis of variance for parents and hybrids among all traits revealed that, the existence of an appreciable amount of genetic variability in the experimental material. In practical plant breeding, the heterosis measured over standard check is more realistic and is of more practical importance. In the present study, heterosis has been estimated over the better parent and popular check hybrid. The aim of present study was to find out the best combination of parents giving a high degree of heterobeltosis and standard heterosis and its exploitation to get better transgressive segregants and characterization of parents for their prospects for further use in the breeding programme of pearl millet. The mean sum of due to parents vs. hybrids for most of the traits is significant for heterosis. The degree of heterosis varied from the cross to cross for all the 10 characters. Considerable high heterosis in certain crosses and low in others revealed that the nature of gene action varied with the genetic makeup of the parents. The hybrids viz., ICMA 07777 x 18488 R, ICMA 06777 x 18805 R and ICMA 96222 x 18488 R showed high per se performance with highly significant positive heterobeltiosis, standard heterosis for grain yield per plant. 

REFERENCES

  1. Arulselvi, S.; Mohansundaram, K. and Maharvizul, P. (2006). Heterosis for grain yield components and grain quality characterism pearl millet. International Sorghum and Millets Newsletter.47 (1): 36-38.
  2. Athwal, D. S. (1965). Hybrid Bajra-1 marks a new era. Indian Farming. 15: 6-7.
  3. Azhaguvel, P.; Jayaraman, N. and Nirmala, V. S. (1998). Studies on heterosis in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Annals of Agricultural Research, 19 (4): 501-502.
  4. Bachkar, R. M.; Pole, S. P and Patil, S. N. (2014). Heterosis for grain yield and its components in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.). Indian Journal of Dryland Agricultural Research and Development. 29 (1): 40-44.
  5. Bennet, M. D. and Smith, J. B. (1976). Nuclear DNA amount in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Biological Sciences. 274: 227-274.
  6. Bhuri Singh; Sharma, K. C.; Mittal, G. K and Meena, H. K. (2015). Heterosis for grain yield and its component traits in pearl millet in different environments. International Journal of Tropical Agriculture. 33(1): 47-51.
  7. Burton, G. W. (1958). Cytoplasmic male sterility in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Agronomy Journal, 50 (2): 230–231.
  8. Chavan, A. A. and Nerkar, Y. S. (1994). Heterosis and combining ability studies for grain yield and its components in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural University, 19 (1): 58-61.
  9. Deore, G. N.; Pawar, B. B. and Salunke, C. B. (1997). Heterosis for physiological traits and grain yield in pearl millet [Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke]. Annals of Plant Physiology., 11 (1): 20-25.
  10. Dutt, Y. and Bainiwal, C. R. (2005). Genetic analysis of crosses among pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. populations. International Sorghum and Millets Newsletter, 42: 68-70.
  11. *Fonesca, S. and Patterson, F. L. (1968). Hybrid vigour in a seven parents diallel cross in common winter wheat (T. aestivum L.). Crop Science., 8: 85-88.
  12. Hanna, W. W. (1989). Characteristics and stability of a new cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile source in pearl millet. Crop Science, 29 (4): 1457–1459.
  13. Harlan, J. R. and DeWet, J. M. J. (1975). Toward a rational classification of cultivated plants. Taxon. 20: 509-517.
  14. Jauhar, P. P.; Hanna, K. P. (1998). Cytogenetics of pearl millet. Advances in Agronomy, 34, pp: 407-479.
  15. Jethva, A. S.; Lata Raval.; Madariya, R. B.; Mehta, D. R and Chetana Mandavia. (2012). Heterosis for grain yield and its related characters in pearl millet. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding.3 (3): 848-852.
  16. Karale, M. U.; Ugale, S. D.; Suryavanshi, Y. B. and Patil, B. D. (1997). Heterosis in line x tester crosses in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. BR.]. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 31 (1): 39-42.
  17. Katti, M. V.; Navale, P. A.; Gandhi, S. D. and Vankatakrishnakishore. (1997). Heterosis for head volume in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. BR]. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural University, 22 (3): 352-354. 
  18. Kulkarni, V. M.; Aryana, K. J.; Navale, P. A. and Harinarayana, G. (1993). Studies on heterosis in pearl millet [Pennisetum typhoides Burn (S. & H.)]. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural University, 18: 219-222.
  19. Kushwah, V. S. and Singh, M. (1992). Heterosis in diallel crosses of pearl millet [Pennisetum typhoides Burn (S. & H.)]. I. Nature and magnitude. Indian Journal of Genetics. 52 (2): 107-110. 
  20. Manga, V. K.; Khan, A. K. F and Dubey, L. K. (2004). Identification of suitable inbreds based on combining ability in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. BR]. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science. 74 (2): 98–101.
  21. Meredith, W.R. and Bridge, R.R. (1972). Heterosis and gene action in cotton Gossypium hirsutum. Crop Science. 12: 304-310.
  22. Nijhawan, D. C. and Yadav, R. (1993). Heterosis and combining ability for some physiological traits and components of grain yield in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. BR]. Crop Improvement, 20 (2): 184-189. 
  23. Panse, V. G. and Sukhatme, P. V. (1978). Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers. ICAR, New Delhi, pp. 152-157.
  24. Pawar, V. Y.; Kute, N. S.; Patil, H.T.; Awari, V.R.; Gavali, R. K. and Deshmukh, G. P. (2015). Heterosis for earliness in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Bioinfolet. 12(3B): 696-706.
  25. Priyanka (2015). M.Sc. thesis, SDAU, Sardarkrushinagar.
  26. Rai K. N.; Anand Kumar, K.; Andrews, D. J. and Rao A. S. (2006). Commercial viability of alternative cytoplas­mic-nuclear male-    sterility systems in pearl millet. Euphytica, 121 (3): 107–114. 
  27. Vetriventhan, M., Nirmalakumari, A. and Ganapathy, S. (2008). Heterosis for Grain Yield Components in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.). World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4 (5): 657-660.
  28. Yadav, O. P. (1999). Heterosis and combining ability in relation to cytoplasmic diversity in Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. BR].    Indian Journal of Genetics., 59 (4): 445-450.
  29. Yadav, O. P. (2006). Heterosis in crosses between landraces and elite exotic populations of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] in arid zone environments. Indian Journal of Genetics., 66 (4): 308-311.
  30. Yadav, O. P.; Weltzein, E. R.; Bidinger, F. R. and Mahalakshmi, V. (2009). Heterosis in land race based on top cross hybrids of pearl millet across arid environments. Euphytica, 112 (3): 285-295.
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 5 (october 2019) : 572-577,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5166

    Heterosis analysis in pearl millet hybrids [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.]

    M
    M.R. Reshma Krishnan
    M
    M.S. Patel
    R
    R.A. Gami
    1Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar-385 506, Gujarat, India.
    Cite article:- Krishnan Reshma M.R., Patel M.S., Gami R.A. (2019). Heterosis analysis in pearl millet hybrids [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.]. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 53(5): 572-577. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5166.

    ABSTRACT

    The present investigation was carried out with the objective to ascertain the magnitude of heterosis of 35 hybrids resulted from Line x Tester mating design of seven CMS lines and five restorer tester parents along with the standard check (GHB 558). The highly significant analysis of variance for parents and hybrids among all traits revealed that, the existence of an appreciable amount of genetic variability in the experimental material. In practical plant breeding, the heterosis measured over standard check is more realistic and is of more practical importance. In the present study, heterosis has been estimated over the better parent and popular check hybrid. The aim of present study was to find out the best combination of parents giving a high degree of heterobeltosis and standard heterosis and its exploitation to get better transgressive segregants and characterization of parents for their prospects for further use in the breeding programme of pearl millet. The mean sum of due to parents vs. hybrids for most of the traits is significant for heterosis. The degree of heterosis varied from the cross to cross for all the 10 characters. Considerable high heterosis in certain crosses and low in others revealed that the nature of gene action varied with the genetic makeup of the parents. The hybrids viz., ICMA 07777 x 18488 R, ICMA 06777 x 18805 R and ICMA 96222 x 18488 R showed high per se performance with highly significant positive heterobeltiosis, standard heterosis for grain yield per plant. 

    REFERENCES

    1. Arulselvi, S.; Mohansundaram, K. and Maharvizul, P. (2006). Heterosis for grain yield components and grain quality characterism pearl millet. International Sorghum and Millets Newsletter.47 (1): 36-38.
    2. Athwal, D. S. (1965). Hybrid Bajra-1 marks a new era. Indian Farming. 15: 6-7.
    3. Azhaguvel, P.; Jayaraman, N. and Nirmala, V. S. (1998). Studies on heterosis in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Annals of Agricultural Research, 19 (4): 501-502.
    4. Bachkar, R. M.; Pole, S. P and Patil, S. N. (2014). Heterosis for grain yield and its components in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.). Indian Journal of Dryland Agricultural Research and Development. 29 (1): 40-44.
    5. Bennet, M. D. and Smith, J. B. (1976). Nuclear DNA amount in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Biological Sciences. 274: 227-274.
    6. Bhuri Singh; Sharma, K. C.; Mittal, G. K and Meena, H. K. (2015). Heterosis for grain yield and its component traits in pearl millet in different environments. International Journal of Tropical Agriculture. 33(1): 47-51.
    7. Burton, G. W. (1958). Cytoplasmic male sterility in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Agronomy Journal, 50 (2): 230–231.
    8. Chavan, A. A. and Nerkar, Y. S. (1994). Heterosis and combining ability studies for grain yield and its components in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural University, 19 (1): 58-61.
    9. Deore, G. N.; Pawar, B. B. and Salunke, C. B. (1997). Heterosis for physiological traits and grain yield in pearl millet [Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke]. Annals of Plant Physiology., 11 (1): 20-25.
    10. Dutt, Y. and Bainiwal, C. R. (2005). Genetic analysis of crosses among pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. populations. International Sorghum and Millets Newsletter, 42: 68-70.
    11. *Fonesca, S. and Patterson, F. L. (1968). Hybrid vigour in a seven parents diallel cross in common winter wheat (T. aestivum L.). Crop Science., 8: 85-88.
    12. Hanna, W. W. (1989). Characteristics and stability of a new cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile source in pearl millet. Crop Science, 29 (4): 1457–1459.
    13. Harlan, J. R. and DeWet, J. M. J. (1975). Toward a rational classification of cultivated plants. Taxon. 20: 509-517.
    14. Jauhar, P. P.; Hanna, K. P. (1998). Cytogenetics of pearl millet. Advances in Agronomy, 34, pp: 407-479.
    15. Jethva, A. S.; Lata Raval.; Madariya, R. B.; Mehta, D. R and Chetana Mandavia. (2012). Heterosis for grain yield and its related characters in pearl millet. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding.3 (3): 848-852.
    16. Karale, M. U.; Ugale, S. D.; Suryavanshi, Y. B. and Patil, B. D. (1997). Heterosis in line x tester crosses in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. BR.]. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 31 (1): 39-42.
    17. Katti, M. V.; Navale, P. A.; Gandhi, S. D. and Vankatakrishnakishore. (1997). Heterosis for head volume in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. BR]. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural University, 22 (3): 352-354. 
    18. Kulkarni, V. M.; Aryana, K. J.; Navale, P. A. and Harinarayana, G. (1993). Studies on heterosis in pearl millet [Pennisetum typhoides Burn (S. & H.)]. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural University, 18: 219-222.
    19. Kushwah, V. S. and Singh, M. (1992). Heterosis in diallel crosses of pearl millet [Pennisetum typhoides Burn (S. & H.)]. I. Nature and magnitude. Indian Journal of Genetics. 52 (2): 107-110. 
    20. Manga, V. K.; Khan, A. K. F and Dubey, L. K. (2004). Identification of suitable inbreds based on combining ability in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. BR]. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science. 74 (2): 98–101.
    21. Meredith, W.R. and Bridge, R.R. (1972). Heterosis and gene action in cotton Gossypium hirsutum. Crop Science. 12: 304-310.
    22. Nijhawan, D. C. and Yadav, R. (1993). Heterosis and combining ability for some physiological traits and components of grain yield in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. BR]. Crop Improvement, 20 (2): 184-189. 
    23. Panse, V. G. and Sukhatme, P. V. (1978). Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers. ICAR, New Delhi, pp. 152-157.
    24. Pawar, V. Y.; Kute, N. S.; Patil, H.T.; Awari, V.R.; Gavali, R. K. and Deshmukh, G. P. (2015). Heterosis for earliness in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Bioinfolet. 12(3B): 696-706.
    25. Priyanka (2015). M.Sc. thesis, SDAU, Sardarkrushinagar.
    26. Rai K. N.; Anand Kumar, K.; Andrews, D. J. and Rao A. S. (2006). Commercial viability of alternative cytoplas­mic-nuclear male-    sterility systems in pearl millet. Euphytica, 121 (3): 107–114. 
    27. Vetriventhan, M., Nirmalakumari, A. and Ganapathy, S. (2008). Heterosis for Grain Yield Components in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.). World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4 (5): 657-660.
    28. Yadav, O. P. (1999). Heterosis and combining ability in relation to cytoplasmic diversity in Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. BR].    Indian Journal of Genetics., 59 (4): 445-450.
    29. Yadav, O. P. (2006). Heterosis in crosses between landraces and elite exotic populations of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] in arid zone environments. Indian Journal of Genetics., 66 (4): 308-311.
    30. Yadav, O. P.; Weltzein, E. R.; Bidinger, F. R. and Mahalakshmi, V. (2009). Heterosis in land race based on top cross hybrids of pearl millet across arid environments. Euphytica, 112 (3): 285-295.
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