<p style="text-align: justify;">A study was conducted to find out the efficacy of the lures viz methyl eugenol, raspberry essence and GF-120 in baited fruit fly traps at persimmon orchards in Kohat district, KPK. Three treatments: T1 (Methyl eugenol), T2 (Raspberry essence) and T3 (Gf-120) with nine replications treatment-1 were installed. Results revealed highest population density for fruit flies in T1 (382), following T3 (197.2) while the least population density was revealed in T2 (23.6). Population trend over time showed maximum population density for fruit flies at week 1, following week 2, week 4, week 3 and week 5. The number of fruit flies were observed with highest average number of Bactrocera zonata (700) in T1 (week 1), whereas Bactrocera dorsalis (250) in T1 (week 1), while the minimum average number of 08 in T2 (week 5) and 01 in T2 (week 5) was recorded for B. zonata and B. dorsalis, respectively. Maximum average numbers of males were recorded 950 in T1 (week 1), whereas the minimum average number of males revealed 09 in T2 (week 5). Average population density of fruit flies (gender) revealed 200.93 (male) while it revealed 0.0 for females.</p>


<p>A weekly study on <em>Bactrocera zonata</em> S. and<em> Bactrocera dorsalis</em> H. (Diptera: Tephritidae) against methyl eugenol, raspberry essence and GF-120 in persimmon orchards from Kohat, Pakistan</p>


<div>An experiment was carried out to investigate the diversity, abundance and pollination efficiency of different insect visitors/pollinators of Rauvolfia serpentina (Sarpagandha) during 2014 and 2015. This experiment was conducted at Medicinal Section, Department of G &amp;PB, CCSHAU, Hisar. Sarpagandha flowers attracted wide varieties of insects belonging to 4 orders, 10 families, 16 genera and 17 species. Among them nine belongs to order Lepidoptera, one Coleoptera, two Diptera, and two Hymenoptera. Lepidopterans came out to be the most abundant pollinators of this crop. Peak abundance of major insect pollinators was recorded at 1000h-1200h while minimum abundance was recorded at 0600h -0800h. Amegilla zonata had the highest number of loose pollen grains, 23.50 (&lsquo;000), sticking to its body followed by Papilio demoleus and Pieris sp. Papilio demoleus was reported as most efficient pollinator followed by Amegilla zonata and Pieris sp. based on the pollination index. Long proboscis of lepidopterans i.e., Papilio demoleus and small sized hymenopterans i.e., Amegilla zonata plays key role in pollination of Sarpagandha. Conservation of these pollinators in natural ecosystem is must for pollination of these threatened taxa.</div>


A weekly study on Bactrocera zonata S. and Bactrocera dorsalis H. (Diptera: Tephritidae) against methyl eugenol, raspberry essence and GF-120 in persimmon orchards from Kohat, Pakistan

Efficient pollinators of threatened taxa, Sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina) under North Indian conditions