<div><strong>Background: </strong>Indian vegetable oil economy is world&rsquo;s fourth largest after USA, China and Brazil. India was a net exporter of oilseeds and edible oils till 1960s but with stagnation in production and increasing demand for edible oils, India became net importer of edible oils by late-1970s. The government decided to achieve self-sufficiency in edible oilseeds through various policy/schemes such as NODP (1984-85), TMO (1986), OPDP (1991-92) was launched under the TMOP and ISOPOM (2004-05). Karnataka is the sixth largest state in area and production of oilseeds crops in India. Among the oilseed crops, sunflower accounts highest in area (36.71%) and production in state. Hence, the study was undertaken in Karnataka state with the objectives of assessing the growth and instability of sunflower production.<br />
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<strong>Methods:</strong> The growth trends and instability analysis of sunflower was corrie out in Karnataka. The four divisions of the states viz., Bangalore, Mysore, Belgaum and Gulbarga with 30 districts were selected for the study. The data pertaining to area, production and yield of sunflower were collected from many secondary sources and analysed for the period I: 1975-1995 (Pre-WTO), Period II: 1995-2015 (Post-WTO) and whole period: 1975-2015 by using CAGR and CDI Index.&nbsp;</div>

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<strong>Result: </strong>The growth pattern of sunflower showed a downward trend with respect of area, production and yield in all the four regions of the state during the period II than compared to period I. It might reflect the adverse effect of modern technology on production of sunflower in Karnataka state. The study indicated that the fluctuation in area, production and yield of sunflower were higher during post-WTO period when compared to pre-WTO period in across the districts and divisions. The mixed trend was observed during whole period with respect to growth and instability of sunflower production.</div>


<div>Growth Trends and Instability of Sunflower in Karnataka: An Inter-Districts and Inter-Divisional Analysis</div>


<div style="text-align: justify;">The sources of growth has direct connotation with agricultural development policies. Growth from area expansion and price is unsustainable,where as if it comes from yield enhancement is sustainable over a long run. This paper has analysed the patterns and sources of growth to groundnut production in India from 1985-86 to 2014-15. Increase in value of groundnut produce was measured during 1985-86 and 94-95 as result of technology mission on oilseeds launched during mid-80s. Decrease in VOP during 1995-96 and 2004-05 may be because of adverse effect of trade liberalisation in this period. Restoration took place in last ten years from 2005-06 to 2014-15,where groundnut VOP increased in the country and all the major states except Maharashtra. The largest source of the growth to Indian groundnut in study period was yield followed by price (7.53%) and area effect (0.97%). Yield contributed fifteen per cent of total growth in the country and to the maximum of 55 per cent in Tamil Nadu. Diversification effect was measured negative at the country as well as at major states in post-WTO periods indicated the drifting away of groundnut acreage to the other crops, is needed to be taken care by appropriate policy measures at central and state levels.</div>

Growth Trends and Instability of Sunflower in Karnataka: An Inter-Districts and Inter-Divisional Analysis

Sources of growth to Indian groundnut: A state-wise decomposition analysis