<div>Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of collagen urethral stents on wound healing post-urethrotomy in dogs and to assess the uptake of collagen urethral stents through urethrography, ultrasonography and hematobiochemical analysis. 
 
Methods: A total of 12 dogs presented to Madras Veterinary College teaching hospital with the history of urinary obstruction were chosen for the study and were randomly divided into 2 groups of 6 dogs in each. In Group I, dogs were treated with conventional urethrotomy procedure and in group II, animals were treated with urethrotomy with collagen urethral stent placement. Hematobiochemical, plain and contrast radiography, ultrasonograhy were performed in both the groups. 
 
Result: The study revealed that in comparison with Group I, Group II animals had a faster wound healing rates; reduction in urethral lumen diameter and urethral leakage post-operatively were not observed in both the groups. In the present study, ultrasound was used to identify and locate the calculi but also to check the collapse, migration and absorption of the collagen stent placed inside the urethra wherein no stent collapse or migration noticed. Partial collagen stent absorption was noticed on day 7 and a complete stent absorption was noticed on day 14. There was no significant difference in the pain scores between the groups indicating that the collagen stent does not elicit any extra pain as compared to normal urethrotomy procedure.&nbsp;</div>

Assessment of Wound Healing Following Collagen Urethral Stent Placement for Urethrotomy in Dogs

The study was conducted on 13 male bovine animals suffering from obstructive urolithiasis to evaluate the diagnostic approach, surgical outcome and mineral composition of uroliths. The animals were divided in two groups, Group I (n=8) of young animals and Group II (n=5) of adult animals. B-mode ultrasonography was done for locating the uroliths in penile urethra. All the animals were subjected to urethrotomy followed by ultrasonography at the suspected site of urolith lodgement. Ammonium chloride as urinary acidifier was given @ 50 mg/kg body weight orally for 60 days was found beneficial for preventing recurrence of uroliths. It was observed that urethra heals normally in three weeks if left unsutured and the majority of uroliths were present at tip of penis in Group I and in sigmoid flexure in Group II animals. Staphylococcus species were the most prevalent bacteria causing bovine urinary tract infections associated with urolithiasis in both groups. It was concluded that ultrasonography was efficient to localize uroliths in urethra in both groups of animals. On Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy estimation, calcium carbonate, carbonate apatite in Group I whereas calcium carbonate in majority of Group II animals, were the most common types of minerals causing formation of uroliths.

Assessment of Wound Healing Following Collagen Urethral Stent Placement for Urethrotomy in Dogs

Ultrasonographic localization and mineral profile of urinary calculi in young and adult bovine