Background: Dromedary farming is crucial in El-Oued&rsquo;s agricultural systems, but challenges such as drought and land expansion are reducing grazing areas and affecting herd management. The research surveyed 102 camel breeders, representing 4592 dromedaries, representing approximately 09% of the total estimated camel herd in this wilaya, regarding herd organization, structure and feeding practices. Three breeder groups were identified: pure pastoral (54.9%), mixed grazing in summer (16.7%) and urban breeders focused on fattening (28.4%). 
 
Methods: This study involved a survey of camel breeders from six (06) municipalities in El-Oued to analyze herd organization, structure and feeding practices. Data collection and analysis were aimed at understanding the functioning of camel herders and their integration into the meat market system. 
 
Result: The results highlighted significant changes in herd management and operation, showing variable integration of camel production into the meat market system influenced by forage supply variability in Saharan grazing lands. Feeding practices revealed integration with locally produced forage resources, frequent supplementation during grazing and the use of highly energetic concentrated feed as the primary ration for fattening young camels. This study provides valuable insights into camel farming practices in El-Oued, shedding light on the challenges and adaptations of this essential agricultural sector.

Typology of Camel Breeding in the Wilaya of El-Oued: Feeding Practices Characterization

<div>We designate here the name designate &lsquo;oasis&rsquo; (Wit in Egyptian, Wah in Copte, Waha in Arabic et in Persian, Neve in Hebrew, et Ouasis in Greek), points located in the desert and which are distinguished from the surrounding environment by more or less abundant vegetation. The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera&nbsp;L.) is the backbone of the oasis and it is the one that must be protected. This review has the objective toexplain the typological and agroecosystem of saoura oasis and its contraints. The data obtained in this study are based on statistics from national and international institute like CRSTRA, ONID, ITDAS and RADDO and also from surveys and prospecting missions with the help of farmers who have given us all the routes carried out in their fields and the main constraints that affect this kind of crop. The data obtained showed that the oasis has certain pedoclimatic, geological and hydrogeological properties specific to the arid environment. The oasis agrosystem studied (saoura) has certain specificities compared to others, such as the absence or presence of certain constraints on the date palm such as the bayoud and the date moth. Regarding varietal diversity, &lsquo;Feggous and H-mira&rsquo;, these are the most important varieties in Saoura region, but are sensitive to certain constraints such as Bayoud, which requires the selection of new resistant varieties.</div>

Varietal Diversity of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in South-western Oases of Algerian Sahara: A Review

<div>Background: This study examines small ruminant production systems in Northern Jordan, where they play a crucial role in agriculture and support local livelihoods. 
 
Methods: A survey of 290 small ruminant holders was conducted from April 2022 to August 2023, employing descriptive and multivariate analyses using XLSTAT and TANAGRA software to explore socioeconomic traits, management practices and feeding strategies related to the production period of 2021. 
 
Result: The results showed that there was variability in small ruminant production systems. More than half of small ruminant holders utilized semi-extensive methods and focused on cash sales. Factors such as labor distribution, animal replacement strategies and housing practices differed among climate regions and governorates. The typological analysis revealed clusters of small ruminant holders based on criteria such as labor management (4% of small ruminant holders), animal replacement strategies (42%), market-oriented production systems (6%), extensive commercial sheep farming (30%) and experienced farmers with medium flock sizes (17%). This study provides valuable insights into the small ruminant production systems in Northern Jordan, informing future strategies for enhancing productivity and sustainability in the region.</div>

Typology of Camel Breeding in the Wilaya of El-Oued: Feeding Practices Characterization

Varietal Diversity of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in South-western Oases of Algerian Sahara: A Review

Patterns and Relations in Small Ruminant Systems in Northern Jordan