<div>Background:&nbsp;Leishmania infantum, one important intracellular parasite causes most potentially lethal diseases such as leishmaniasis i.e. Visceral leishmaniasis in dogs. Although certain chemical drugs such as pentostam, amphotericin B, miltefosine have been trailed against this disease, but all these drugs induced antibiotic resistance and toxicity in the host. Further, the trypanothione synthetase, a key enzyme of this parasite which catalyzes a reaction, maintaining thiol redox within the cell.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: The binding study was carried out with selected natural/synthetic phytocompounds/drugs against the modeled trypanothione synthetase though molecular docking.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The generated protein model with lowest discrete potential energy (DOPE) -19960.97 was found good in quality with z score of -5.19 and quality factor of 61.83% and it was found that the natural inhibitors glycyrrhetic acid (GRA) and Theaflavin (TFN) showed highest binding energies of -7.34 and -6.95 Kcal/mol. This study may be concluded that the natural inhibitors glycyrrhetic acid (GRA) and Theaflavin (TFN) would be potential regimen in treatment of canine leishmaniasis.</div>

In silico Discovery of Potential Natural Inhibitors against Trypanothione Synthetase in Canine leishmaniasis

Background: In Himachal Pradesh, parts of Kangra and Mandi districts in the state are known for unique colour and flavor tea production since British times and has been registered under the Geographical Indication (GI) of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 but in in recent years, chemical farming practice has brought drastic changes crop productivity and quality. Organic farming that believes in natural growth of crops without adding any chemical fertilizers or any other foreign elements can be suitable remediation measure. Tea grown with bio-organic fertilizers has superior colour and taste compared to tea treated with chemical fertilizers. Therefore, the present investigation has been carried out to evaluate productivity and quality of tea under organic cultivation. 
 
Methods: Field experiment was conducted during pre-monsoon (summer), monsoon (kharif) and post monsoon (rabi) season of 2021-22 at Research farm of Department of Tea Husbandry and Technology CSK HPKV, Palampur (H.P.) to monitor the effect of organic nutrient inputs in Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]. The experiment was laid out in Randomised Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The experiment comprised of 10 treatments with the organic treatment include application of different nitrogen sources, viz farmyard manure; vermicompost; jeevamrit and vermiwash.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The results revealed that higher yield, mean fresh shoot biomass (mg/shoot), mean dry shoot biomass (mg /shoot) was recorded with application of vermicompost @10t/ha+ jeevamrit @10%. The application of vermicompost @10 t/ha+ vermiwash @10% showed higher value of theaflavin and thearubigin content in all three seasons i.e., pre- monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon. Therefore, the applications of organic inputs showed significantly improved results in comparison to the control.

In silico Discovery of Potential Natural Inhibitors against Trypanothione Synthetase in Canine leishmaniasis

Yield, Growth and Quality of Tea in Organic Cultivation under Palam Region of Himachal Pradesh