<div>The productivity of teak based agroforestry system was studied during 2016-17 under irrigated ecosystem in Yadagir district of North-eastern dry zone (None II) of Karnataka. Significantly lower pigeonpea grain yield (1766 kg ha-1) and biomass yield (8207 kg ha-1) in association with teak were recorded at 5 m away from the tree line compared to the crop at a distance 10 m (2345 and 10089 kg ha-1, respectively) and 15 m (8207, 10526 kg ha-1, respectively) away from the tree line whereas harvest index remained unaffected. Non-significant differences were observed &nbsp;in grain yield and harvest index, albeit numerically higher grain yield were recorded in the control (2316 kg ha-1) without teak nearby compared to the agroforestry systems and within agroforestry systems boundary planting recorded numerically higher grain yield (2228 kg ha-1) than with bund planting (2081 kg ha-1). Significantly higher girth, volume and biomass of teak were recorded in bund planting (76.37 cm, 0.390 m3 and 215 kg, respectively) followed by silvi-horti system (72.65 cm, 0.381m3 and 209 kg, respectively) and boundary planting (69.10 cm, 0.342 m3 and 215 kg, respectively), whereas significantly lower girth, volume and biomass were recorded in block plantation (51.45 cm, 0.182 m3 and 100 kg, respectively). The study also revealed significantly lower crown spread in block plantation (2.85 m) followed by boundary planting (4.63 m).</div>

Productivity of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajana (L.) Millsp] under Teak (Tectona grandis) Based Agroforestry Systems in Semiarid Tropics

<div>Background: Little gourd is important vegetable crop that provide a considerable amount of income to farm families in Central Gujarat. The present investigation was undertaken with the goal to study the cost and return in cultivation of little gourd in central Gujarat.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: For this purpose, primary data was collected from 100 little guard farmers from three districts namely Anand, Kheda and Vadodara and categorized according to size of holding as marginal, small, medium and large farms. To arrive at conclusion the data was analyzed with cost concepts and relevant income measures. 
 
Result: The study found that the average per hectare cost of cultivation, gross income and net income of little gourd followed an increasing pattern from marginal to large farm sizes. The input output ratio was found decreasing as the farm size increased. The study suggested that there is enough scope of enhancing net returns through increasing the scale of operations at farm level that may be achieved by organizing small and medium farmers into producer organizations. Over and above this, the farmers should be encouraged for production of export-oriented quality to further increase the farm income.</div>

Economic Analysis of Production of a Little Gourd (Coccinia grandis) in Central Gujarat

Background: Cancer is an assortment of diseases resulting from disrupting cell cycle regulation. It is characterised by the proliferation of cells in an unregulated manner. The development of cancer can be attributed to a variety of factors, both external and internal. Various plants are rich in a variety of bioactive phytochemicals and essential nutrients. Several studies over the past few decades have shed light on the significant role of these phytochemicals in preventing chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes and coronary heart disease. The MTT in vitro cell proliferation assay known for its high reliability and commonly used to measure whole-cell cytotoxicity across various cell lines is a commonly employed method for assessing the initial effectiveness of synthetic derivatives and natural products in combating cancer.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: For the current study wild edible fruits were collected from different regions of Mizoram, northeast India during 2020-2021. The study involved conducting an MTT in vitro cell proliferation assay on A549 cell lines using methanolic extract of seven wild edible fruits.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The methanolic extract of the seven wild edible fruits exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect on the A549 cell lines. Tamarindus indica demonstrated the lowest IC50 value of 119.77&plusmn;0.20 &igrave;g/ml indicating its high cytotoxicity against A549 cell lines, followed by Citrus grandis with an IC50 value of 176.63&plusmn;10.66 &igrave;g/ml among the seven wild edible fruits studied.

Productivity of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajana (L.) Millsp] under Teak (Tectona grandis) Based Agroforestry Systems in Semiarid Tropics

Economic Analysis of Production of a Little Gourd (Coccinia grandis) in Central Gujarat

Anticancer Screening of Few Wild Edible Fruits in Mizoram, Northeast India using MTT Assay