<div><strong>Background:</strong> Bovine anaplasmosis is a haemolytic disease of cattle caused by an obligate intra-erythrocytic bacterium <em>Anaplasma marginale</em> and is characterized by high fever, dyspnoea, anaemia, icterus, decreased milk production and death. The present study was undertaken to study the gross and histopathological changes caused by naturally occurring <em>A. marginale</em> infection in cattle.&nbsp;<br />
<br />
<strong>Methods:</strong> History and clinical examination of animals revealed inappetance/anorexia, presence of tick infestation, high fever, pale or icteric mucous membranes, tachycardia, dyspnoea and lymphadenomegaly. The diagnosis of<em> A. marginale</em> infection was done by blood smear examination and further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing analysis. During the present study, two animals did not respond to treatment and were succumbed to <em>A. marginale</em> infection. A systematic post-mortem examination was performed on the animals and gross lesions were recorded. The tissue samples from various vital organs such as heart, lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed for histopathological examination.&nbsp;<br />
<br />
<strong>Result:</strong> The post-mortem examination revealed emaciated carcass with yellowish discoloration of serosal surfaces of the abdominal organs, haemorrhagic heart, congestion of lungs, hepatomegaly, distension of the gallbladder and splenomegaly. The major histopathological changes noticed included myocardial degeneration and necrosis, interstitial pneumonic changes, degenerative changes in hepatocytes and renal tubular epithelial cells, enlargement of red pulp area of spleen with histiocytic proliferation and hemosiderosis. Histopathology also revealed inflammatory process characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells in various organs. Very few reports are available on the pathological aspects of <em>A. marginale </em>infection and thus the outcome of the present study can yield valuable information to aid in the diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis under field conditions.</div>


<div>Gross and Histopathological Findings of Naturally Occurring A<em>naplasma marginale</em> Infection in Cattle</div>


<div><strong>Background:</strong> Ehrlichiosis is a ricketsial disease transmitted by ticks and characterized by reticuloendothelial hyperplasia, fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia. In this study, it was aimed to determine the blood vitamin D and D-dimer levels in dogs with Ehrlichiosis.&nbsp;<br />
&nbsp;</div>

<div style="text-align:justify"><strong>Methods: </strong>The material of this study consisted of 33 dogs of different breeds, ages and both sexes during the period of 2018-2019. In 33 dogs with and without thrombocytopenia with clinical findings, definitive diagnosis and differential diagnosis were made with clinical examination and laboratory tests. All patients were evaluated for Ehrlichiosis with rapid Snap 4DX test kit. In addition, the diagnosis of the disease was made by PCR analysis. Blood D-Dimer levels were determined in control and study groups.&nbsp;<br />
<br />
<strong>Result:</strong> D-Dimer levels were significantly higher in the study groups when compared with the control group. Further, when blood D-vitamin levels of control and study groups were compared, it was found that blood D-vitamin levels were significantly lower in dogs with Ehrlichiosis. In conclusion, in this study, D-dimer levels were significantly increased in dogs with ehlichiosis and can be an adjunct biomarker with other clinical, hematologic and laboratory tests. In addition, serum vitamin D levels were found to be low in both active and acute infected patients in dogs previously exposed to the causative agent, which is closely related to the immune system of vitamin D and serum low vitamin D levels may pave the way for the development of ehrlichiosis disease.</div>


Gross and Histopathological Findings of Naturally Occurring Anaplasma marginale Infection in Cattle

Determination of Vitamin D and D-Dimer Levels in Dogs with Ehrlichia canis Infection