Background: The present investigation, conducted during 2020-23 under both laboratory and field conditions, was aimed at isolation and evaluating Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), specifically Bt MB-23&nbsp;and Bt Tv-97, against larvae of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta. The oriental fruit moth is a major pest in peach cultivation in the Republic of Armenia, which causes substantial damage to fruit and leaves. 
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Methods: The Bt strains isolated from naturally deceased larvae were evaluated at a concentration of 600 million spores/ml, both individually and in combination with commercial insecticide at sublethal concentrations of 3x and 10x dilutions. Damage assessment in terms of the number of affected leaves and fruits per tree was recorded and analyzed. 
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Result: All tested treatments with Bt strains showed high biological efficiency, recording 86.8-97.0% damage reduction as compared to the control. The combination treatments of Bt and chemical insecticide demonstrated the effectiveness of the treatments in pest suppression. Statistical analysis validated the experimental outcomes, showing that overall fruit yield and damage metrics were comparable between treatments and controls, while biocontrol treatments achieved these results with reduced chemical use, confirming the reliability of the findings.

Analyzing the Counteractive Impact of Bacillus thuringiensis on Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholita molesta in Peach Orchards of Armavir, Armenia

Invasive alien weeds are non-native organisms that cause potential harm to the environment, economics and human health. &nbsp;Its ability to outcompete native species for space, water, nutrients, and other essential resources, adaptability to a variety of environmental conditions, absence of natural predators and parasites and prolific seed producing characteristics, once established it is very difficult to control or eliminate. Eradication through utilization is the present concept of management of invasive alien weeds. Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell, Parthenium hysterophorus L., Mikania micrantha Kunth, Chromolaena odorata (L.), Mimosa invisa Mart. Ex Colla and Lantana camara L. are the major invasive alien weeds of Kerala. The literature about the bio-utilization of these major invasive alien weeds is reviewed in this paper.

Invasive alien weeds as bio-resource: A review

<div style="text-align: justify;">Agriculture is the driving force of the economy of Bangladesh where two third of the arable land is inundated in monsoon due to low lying of geographical position and adverse effect of climate. A part of these monsoon wetlands are used for floating cultivation by the local farmers for their livelihood which is commonly known as &ldquo;Vasoman Chash&rdquo;, a method of hydroponics. This century aged traditional agricultural method is being practiced in haor regions of Bangladesh. Matured water hyacinth is the most important component for making raft or bed for floating cultivation. Paddy straw, Son ghash (Imperata cylindrica), Noll ghash (Hamerthria protensa), Topapana (Pista stratiotes), ash twigs and desiccated coconut fibers are also used for making bed. The water hyacinth is collected from nearby wetlands and prepared bed and finally allowed 15 to 20 days for decomposition before cultivation. A ball /guti/tema is prepared by soft rotten Durali or Salvinia, where seeds are inserted for germination and finally covered with rotten water hyacinth and allowed for seedlings. After 5-6 days when seedlings attained 5-6 inches long, are transferred to the floating bed. Bamboos are usually used as anchorage to keep beds fixed in a place during the monsoon and then bed is ready for growing of various kinds of vegetables. This indigenous floating bed cultivation technology can mitigate food insecurity, poverty and adverse effects of global warming.</div>

Analyzing the Counteractive Impact of Bacillus thuringiensis on Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholita molesta in Peach Orchards of Armavir, Armenia

Invasive alien weeds as bio-resource: A review

Floating Seeding Production in Bangladesh: A Review