<div>In recent researches, legumes have been used to revegetate the mining areas with nitrogen-fixing species. The current study also used legumes to revive the fertility of feldspar mine spoil along with Azotobacter chrococcum, Azospirillum brasilense and Glomus mosseae (AMF) in various combinations with organic and inorganic nutrient supplements. All legumes Acacia nilotica, Acacia senegal, Prosopis cineraria, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba and Cassia angustifolia have shown significant enhancement in rhizosphere enzyme activities up to 65%, metabolites up to 51% and nutrient uptake up to 52% whereas, physical growth showed the increment in the range of 10&ndash;59% over the uninoculated control. Treatment of Azotobacter+ organic manure+ NPK 50% has been found to enhance maximum growth in most of the parameters significantly, followed by AMF+ organic manure+ NPK50% treatment, while Azospirillum showed its highest impact in enhancing enzyme activities and nitrogen uptake in comparison to Azotobacter and AMF. Legume tree and crop species showed significant response towards the nitrogen fixation thus helped in improving the nutritional value of the mine spoil. Hence, the integrated approach of agro-silviculture practices using legumes and bioinoculants can play a key role in the rehabilitation of feldspar mine spoil.</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">Feldspar Mine Spoil Rehabilitation: Use of Legumes and Bio Inoculants to Establish Soil Fertility on Agro&ndash;Silviculture Basis</div>

Background: In C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire, in the sub-prefecture of Kokoumbo, mining activities are causing enormous damage to the environment. The vegetation cover and soil at the sites are degraded by excavation. One solution to repair the effects of mining on the environment is restoration. This study was conducted with the aim of highlighting the impacts of illegal gold mining on the soil and revegetating it with six economically important forest species. 
 
Methods: Soil pits were dug and soil profiles were described at sites affected and unaffected by gold panning. The organic matter content was analyzed. The soil was then leveled and six economically important forest species were planted according to the one tree plot design in order to study their ability to grow on this soil. The seedlings of these plants were 1 month old at the time of planting and the data were collected 1 year later. These plants are: Terminalia ivorensis, Tectona grandis, Mansonia altissima, Garcinia kola, Acacia mangium and Milicia excelsa. The observed parameters were Stem height growth, diameter of roots collar, the number of leaves, Mortality rate. 
 
Result: Gold mining has promoted the formation of technosols. The highest mortality rate among the planted species was recorded for Garcinia kola with 78.5%. The species Tectona grandis, Acacia mangium and Terminalia ivorensis recorded no mortality. The average height of Tectona grandis, at 316.11 cm, is greater than that of Acacia mangium, which is 247.89 cm and that of all other cultivated plants. Their agronomic parameters were significantly different from those of the other tree species. They can be recommended for reforestation of sites or former gold mining sites.

Restoration of Degraded Illegal Gold Mining Site in the Sub-Prefecture of Kokoumbo (Central C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire) Through Economically Important Forest Species

Feldspar Mine Spoil Rehabilitation: Use of Legumes and Bio Inoculants to Establish Soil Fertility on Agro–Silviculture Basis

Restoration of Degraded Illegal Gold Mining Site in the Sub-Prefecture of Kokoumbo (Central Côte d’Ivoire) Through Economically Important Forest Species