<div style="text-align: justify;">Stripe rust of wheat (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici; Pst) incurs substantial yield losses in wheat worldwide. Two Indian Pst pathotypes 38S102 (I) and 46S119 (Yr9 virulence) showed incompatible and compatible interaction respectively in variety PBW 343. The histopathological study using confocal microscopy revealed that during incompatible interaction comparatively longer abortive germ tubes are produced with a rapid response at early stages of infection but with no fungal colonization. Whereas, in compatible interaction, germ tubes were shorter with infection peg formed above the stomata subsequently leading to colonization. The detailed microscopic observations showed that necrotic regions were more prominent in incompatible interaction than compatible interaction. This information would aid in understanding the growth and virulence mechanism of stripe rust pathogen in wheat.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Histopathological analysis of incompatible and compatible interaction of <em>Puccinia striiformis</em> f.sp. <em>tritici </em>on wheat at early infection stage</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Sustainable groundnut production can be realised through development and adoption of high yielding cultivars possessing durable rust resistance. Integrating conventional breeding with genomic tools in identifying candidate rust resistance genes, and introgressing the genes into adapted elite germplasm, with the aid of molecular makers, could enhance breeding for rust resistance. This review highlights breeding approaches for groundnut rust resistance, with emphasis on integrating conventional breeding with marker-assisted selection. The life cycle, symptoms and epidemiology of the pathogen are also discussed to understand the host-pathogen interaction and guide groundnut rust resistance breeding.</div>

Histopathological analysis of incompatible and compatible interaction of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici on wheat at early infection stage

Breeding groundnut for rust resistance: A review