<div>Background: Soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. is one of the major constraints in the production of soybean. Nanotechnology is a new scientific approach that includes use of materials and equipment capable of using physical and chemical properties of a substance at molecular level to explore the biological and material worlds in nanometer-scale and use it in various carriers from medicine to agriculture. Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most innovative scientific field in agriculture. Among various synthesis methods, green synthesis of nanoparticles is widely used by researchers because it is simple, convenient, eco-friendly and requires less reaction time. 
 
Methods: The chitosan based zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ch-ZnONPs), pomegranate aril based sulphur nanoparticles (PA-SNPs) and pomegranate aril based silver nanoparticles (PA-AgNPs) were synthesised, characterised and evaluated under in vitro conditions against soybean rust pustules. 
 
Result: The maximum per cent spore inhibition of 70.25, 74.70 and 86.68 per cent over control was recorded in Ch-ZnONPs (1250 ppm), PA-SNPs (2000 ppm) and PA-AgNPs (500 ppm) respectively.</div>

Effect of Zinc Oxide, Sulphur and Silver Nanoparticles against Soybean Rust Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd.

Background: To effectively manage the rust disease, it is crucial to understand how weather conditions impact both the host stage and disease development, as environmental factors significantly influence its severity and occurrence. 
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Methods: The effect of weather factors on the development of cotton rust in different varieties and Bt cotton hybrids were investigated during kharif 2021-2023 at ICAR- Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR), coimbatore under irrigated conditions. 
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Result: The development of rust during different years in the same varieties/hybrids showed similar trend. Correlation analysis of pooled data indicated strong correlations between rust intensity and maximum temperature, wind speed and relative humidity in both varieties and hybrids. Positive and significant correlation of wind speed was recorded both in varieties and hybrids. Multiple regression analysis of pooled data showed that weather parameters including RH I, SSH and windspeed significantly influenced the development of rust disease. 
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Influence of Weather Variables on Progression of Rust Disease (Phakopsora gossypii) in Cotton

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<div>Background: Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsorapachyrhizi Syd. is a major threat for production and expansion of soybean in India. Understanding the nature of inheritance of rust resistance in DSb 21 will help in estimating the number of genes involved in governing the resistance mechanism and thus will be helpful in designing a suitable breeding method. &nbsp; 
 
Methods: Utilizing JS 335 and EC 241778, in a long term breeding programme, a highly rust resistant variety, DSb 21 has been released from University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, Karnataka. To study the genetics of rust resistance in DSb 21, F2 and F3 generation of&nbsp;two crosses involving susceptible x resistant (JS 335 x EC 241778) and resistant x susceptible (DSb 21 x JS 335) were used.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The F2 segregation analysis in both the crosses revealed the same segregation ratio of three resistant to one susceptible phenotype based on chi square test indicating rust resistance is controlled by a single dominant gene. In both the crosses the F2 results were confirmed by studying the F3 progenies for reaction to rust.</div>

Effect of Zinc Oxide, Sulphur and Silver Nanoparticles against Soybean Rust Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd.

Influence of Weather Variables on Progression of Rust Disease (Phakopsora gossypii) in Cotton

Genetic Enhancement and Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Asian Soybean Rust in India