<div><strong>Background:</strong> Improper estrus detection causes huge economic losses due to inaccurate time of insemination leading to poor conception rate. So, here pedometer proved to be a promising tool in defining optimal time of insemination,improving fertilization rates based on increased number of steps. The study is to determine the relationship between increased pedometer activity for efficient estrus alert and duration of estrus for prediction of accurate time of ovulation.<br />
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<strong>Methods:</strong> Oestrus detected in KF cows (N = 20) by behavioural estrus visually. Further validated by pedometer activity and confirmed by progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) concentration. Individual animal daily activity pattern collected, transformed and arranged to in Excel sheet for statistical analysis for determining estrus alert, estrus duration, ovulation and insemination time.<br />
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<strong>Result: </strong>Based on pedometer estrus alert,duration, estrus onset and estrus end to ovulation was 15.63&plusmn;1.46 h, 30.53&plusmn;1.21h and 14.89&plusmn;2.03h respectively. The mean activity count per hour (ACPH) for the pedometer oestrus (426.19&plusmn;70.19) and E2 found associated on oestrus day. Based on oestrus alert and duration artificial insemination (A.I) can be made 10h after onset up to 5h after end of pedometer oestrus. Pedometer detects estrus slightly earlier than behavioural estrus efficiently and help in predicting the ovulation time for governing the accurate time of insemination.</div>


<div>Moosense Pedometer for Oestrus Detection and Ovulation Time Prediction for Artificial Insemination in Karan Fries Cows</div>


<div>Fertility over the past few decades is of serious concern in the dairy industry. Fertility of a dairy herd is determined by composite factors, which in turn depends upon effective management strategies. The reproductive potential of the animals need to be exploited to its maximum to achieve optimum production in a herd. The single most important factor that limits the establishment of pregnancy and survival of the embryo in dairy cattle and buffaloes and thereby reproductive efficiency of a herd is proper estrus detection, Pedometer or activity meter is a motion switches devices within which steps followed by animals are recorded. Activity meters can be attached to the neck or leg of cows and they may be read by a receiver and processed by computer in a milking parlour. By implementing automatic detection system, heat detection rates can be improved, for improving reproductive efficiency. The activity monitoring techniques can also be used to detect the silent ovulation which is helpful for improving efficiency and accuracy of estrus.</div>


Moosense Pedometer for Oestrus Detection and Ovulation Time Prediction for Artificial Insemination in Karan Fries Cows

Estrus Detection Methods in Dairy Animals- Advances and the Prospects: A Review