<div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background: </strong>Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). It is a globally emerging clinical condition which affects nursing piglets and growing pigs. PCV2 requires various cofactors for fully development of PMWS. The present report describes the pathology of PMWS associated with classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine parvo virus (PPV) and multidrug resistant enteric <em>Escherichia coli </em>infections in an organized swine farm, Rajasthan. In India, this is the first report on pathology of PMWS associated with all the three viruses and multidrug resistant enteric colibacillosis.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods:</strong> Detailed necropsy was conducted on pig carcass submitted to Post-mortem Facility, Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar in the year 2017 from an organized swine farm, Rajasthan, India. Heart blood and diarrhoeic intestinal contents were collected aseptically and stored separately at 4&deg;C for bacteriological examination and antibiotic sensitivity test. Tissue samples were collected in sterile container and stored at -40&deg;C for DNA and RNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and also collected in 10% neutral buffered saline for histopathological processing.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Result:</strong> The organized farm was having history of 33% (200/600) of mortality among 2 months to 6 months old piglets. Gross lesions were wasting, lymphadenopathy, non-collapsed lungs, hydropericardium, hepatomegaly, icterus, enteritis and pale kidneys, button shaped ulcers in the caecum and colon <em>etc</em>. Histopathologically, lymphoid depletion, reticuloendothelial cell proliferation in lymphoid tissue, fibrin thrombi in spleen, severe hepatitis, interstitial pneumonia, interstitial nephritis, severe necrosis in large intestine, meningitis, perivascular cuffing (PVC), gliosis, neuronal degeneration in cerebrum <em>etc</em> were observed. Molecular diagnosis and bacteriological examination confirmed presence of PCV2, PPV, CSFV and multidrug resistant <em>Escherichia coli.</em></div>


<p class="ql-align-justify">Pathology of PMWS Associated with Classical Swine Fever Virus, Porcine Parvo Virus and Multidrug Resistant Enteric <em>Escherichia coli </em>Infections in an Organized Swine Farm, Rajasthan, India</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">The present study was undertaken to detect the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine parvo virus (PPV) in 54 porcine aborted foetuses, stillborns and mummified foetuses. &nbsp;Foetal &nbsp;tissues of &nbsp; heart, lung, spleen and lymphnodes were used for extraction of total DNA and the presence of viral &nbsp;pathogens were confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Out of 54 samples, nine (16.6%) samples were positive for PCV2, eight (14.8%) samples were positive for PPV while co-infection with PCV2 and PPV was detected in four (7.4%) samples. The histopathological changes in the foetuses were found to be mostly necrosis in the cells of the developing organs viz. lungs, kidney, liver, heart, brain, spleen and lymphnodes. Lymphoid depletion was observed in the lymphoid follicles of the lymphnodes. Meningoencephalitis in the cerebrum was also seen in both PPV and PCV2 infected foetuses. The results indicated that PPV and PCV2 could be an important infectious agent in cases of porcine stillbirths, abortions and mummified foetuses.<br />
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<p>Molecular detection of porcine circo virus type 2 and porcine parvo virus in&nbsp;pigs having reproductive problems and histopathological&nbsp;studies in the tissue of aborted pig foetuses&nbsp;</p>


Pathology of PMWS Associated with Classical Swine Fever Virus, Porcine Parvo Virus and Multidrug Resistant Enteric Escherichia coli Infections in an Organized Swine Farm, Rajasthan, India

Molecular detection of porcine circo virus type 2 and porcine parvo virus in pigs having reproductive problems and histopathological studies in the tissue of aborted pig foetuses