<div style="text-align:justify">In this paper, we illustrated several examples of overdominance phenomenon in pigs, in which the selection in favor of lethal genes that generates production traits such as body weight, body condition score and milk yield. We searched the database and literatures on NCBI Databases, Google scholar, Google Web tools. Five novel candidates of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome 9 (BBS9) gene, Transcriptional Adapter-Ada2 (TADA2) gene, RNA Polymerase I subunit B (POLR1B), Ribosome biogenesis homolog (URB1), Polynucleotide kinase 3&rsquo;-phosphatase (PNKP) are reported to positively affect food intake, cell proliferation. However, embryonic and developmental lethality are displayed in the homozygous recessive individuals. The objective of this review is to show the relationship between genotypes, phenotypes and functions of these novel genes which could benefit pig breeding industry.</div>

Detection of Novel Genes on Recessive Heterozygous Alleles in Pig Breeding: A Review

Background: Okra commonly known as Lady&rsquo;s finger is queen of vegetables. The study focuses on assessing the combining ability in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) across 12 traits, encompassing characteristics like earliness and fruit yield. The choice of parents for hybridization plays a critical role in breeders efforts to enhance complex quantitative traits such as fruit yield and its components, necessitating thorough genetic evaluations of existing germplasm and newly developed lines. Criteria for parental selection hinge on the magnitude and nature of gene actions, aiming to breed recombinants with desirable traits post-hybridization. 
 
Methods: In the study, 35 F1 hybrids were developed from 12 genotypes of okra, involving 7 lines and 5 testers. Evaluation occurred in a randomized block design with 3 replications during Kharif 2023. Twelve quantitative traits were analyzed from five randomly selected plants of each parent and F1 generation. Analysis included ANOVA for Line&times;Tester interaction and assessment of combining ability following Kempthorne suggestions in 1957. The effects of General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability were estimated (SCA). 
 
Result: Non-additive gene activity prevailed in the study, with specific parents showing strong general combining abilities. Certain hybrid combinations displayed promising effects on fruit yield per plant, warranting further investigation. The analysis highlighted the significance of both additive and dominant genetic components in fruit yield, with dominance variance notably influencing certain traits. Overdominance and gene symmetry were observed, alongside a predominance of dominant alleles. High narrow-sense heritability was noted for most traits studied.

Detection of Novel Genes on Recessive Heterozygous Alleles in Pig Breeding: A Review

Combining Ability and Gene Action Studies for Fruit Yield and its Component Traits in Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]