<div>The present study was designed to assess the teratological effects of Indoxacarb on chick embryos (Gallus gallus domesticus) by administering different doses of commercial Indoxacarb (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5ml/1000ml/egg, in three experimental groups B, C and D) injected into the yolk sac of eggs before incubation. Embryos were recovered at day 12 of incubation. The mortality rate gradually increased from lower to higher doses. A total of twelve morphometric parameters viz., wet body weight, crown rump length, anterior posterior head diameter, eye diameter, beak length, neck length, humerus length, radius and ulna length, metacarpus length, femur length, fibula length and metatarsus length were recorded and compared with control group. These quantitative parameters indicated significant (p&lt;0.05) decrease in all treated groups compared to control group. While the qualitative anomalies such as microcephaly, hydrocephaly, edematous swelling, hematoma formation, abnormal body coloration, anophthalmia, microphthalmia, deformed beak, agnathia, wry neck, micromelia, amelia, omphalocele and ectopia cardis were also recorded in treated groups as compared to untreated groups. Therefore, it is concluded that Indoxacarb has potentially harmful effects on the development of avian embryos even at very low dose concentration. Hence, due to toxicity of this pesticide it must be used with utmost caution.&nbsp;</div>


<div>Teratological Effect of Indoxacarb on Chick Embryos (<em>Gallus gallus domesticus</em>)</div>


<div style="text-align: justify;">The present study was designed to assess the teratogenic effects of Chlorantraniliprole on chick embryos (Gallus gallus domesticus). Different doses of commercial Chlorantraniliprole (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5&micro;l/1000&micro;l/egg, in four experimental groups B, C, D, and E respectively) were injected into the yolk sac of eggs before incubation. Embryos were recovered at day 12 of incubation. The mortality rate gradually increased from lower to higher doses. A total of twelve morphometric parameters viz., wet body weight, crown rump length, anterior posterior head diameter, eye diameter, beak length, neck length, humor length, radius and ulna length, metacarpus length, femur length, fibula length and metatarsus length were recorded and compared with control group. These quantitative parameters indicated significant (p&lt;0.05) decreases in all treated groups compared to control group. While the qualitative anomalies such as microcephaly, hydrocephaly, edematous swelling, hematoma formation, abnormal body coloration, microphthalmia, deformed beak, agnathia, micromelia, amelia, omphalocele and ectopia cardis were also observed in treated groups as compared to untreated groups. Therefore it is concluded that Chlorantraniliprole has potentially harmful effects on the development of avian embryos even at very low dose concentration. Hence, due to toxicity of this pesticide it can be used with utmost caution.&nbsp;</div>

Teratogenic Effects of Chlorantraniliprole on chick embryos (<em>Gallus gallus domesticus</em>)

<div>Doxycycline HCL is a member of the tetracycline family of antibiotics. Extensive use of the antibiotic (Doxycycline HCl) in poultry for treatment of various bacterial diseases is increasing with time. The current trail was therefore formulated and conducted to investigate the embryotoxic aspects of Doxycycline HCl on Gallus domesticus. Different doses of Doxycycline HCl (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0&micro;g/100&micro;l distilled water/egg in six experimental groups (B, C, D, E, F and G respectively) were inoculated into the yolk sac of 60 eggs (10 eggs per group) before incubation. Group A was control group (injected with distilled water). Chick embryos were studied at 12th day of incubation. The results showed significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in death rate of chick embryos with increasing dose. At the end of the trial, morphometric measurements viz., wet body weight, crown rump length, eye diameter, beak length, neck length, anterior posterior head diameter, humerus length, radius and ulna length, metacarpus length, femur length, fibula length and metatarsus length were also noted and compared to untreated group. A significant (p&lt;0.05) difference was observed among all quantitative parameters in experimental groups compared with negative control group except metacarpus and metatarsus length which showed non-significant (p&gt;0.05) difference. Additionally, qualitative malformations like microcephaly, hydrocephaly, edema, hematoma, abnormal body coloration, anophthalmia, microphthalmia, deformed beak, agnathia, wry neck, micromelia, amelia, meromelia, damaged auditory meatus, omphalocele and ectopia cordis were noted in experimental groups as compared with untreated groups.&nbsp;</div>


Teratological Effect of Indoxacarb on Chick Embryos (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Teratogenic Effects of Chlorantraniliprole on chick embryos (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Embryotoxicity of Doxycycline HCl in Gallus domesticus: Morphometric Changes and External Anomalies