<div>Background: Rise in temperature and expected changes in erratic rainfall patterns projected under future climates are going to affect the performance and productivity of most crops, especially under rainfed condition. But, extent of adverse effect would vary from location to location and crop to crop. Greengram is an important Kharif season crop of Northern Transition Zone (NTZ) of Karnataka mainly grown under rainfed conditions.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: Calibrated and validated DSSAT-CROPGRO model was used to study response of greengram to climate change in NTZ of Karnataka. A combination of three temperature (control, +1&deg;C and +2&deg;C) and three rainfall (control, -10% and -20%) scenarios resulting nine combinations were used to simulate phenology, yield and total biomass using weather data for the period of 32 years (1985-2016).&nbsp; 
 
Result: Model based seasonal analysis showed that the greengram is more sensitive to change in rainfall than temperature. Rise in temperature by 1-2&deg;C, reduced days to physiological maturity by 2 to 3 days and yield by 1.7 to 3.5%. On the contrary, reduction in 20% rainfall alone reduced grain yield and total biomass by 9.5% and 10.48%, respectively. Combined effect of reduced rainfall (-20%) and elevated temperature (2&deg;C) resulted in 16.36 and 21.16% reduction in grain yield and total biomass, respectively. This indicates that, rainfall plays greater role on kharif greengram yield in NTZ.&nbsp;</div>

<div>Response of Greengram to Climate Change in Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka: DSSAT Model Based Assessment</div>

Background: Cryptosporidiosis poses several health risks, particularly due to its potential severity and the populations it can affect. Comprehending these hazards is crucial for efficient prevention and treatment. This study was to investigate the efficiency of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), nitazoxanide (NTZ) and nitazoxanide-cellulose nanocrystals (NTZ-CNC) in treating experimental infected mice of cryptosporidiosis. 
 
Methods: A total of 75 male swiss albino mice were allocated into eight groups (5 mice/ group) with triplicates of each group. Infection with cryptosporidiosis was conducted with 3000 Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. All treatments commenced on the initial day of oocyst emergence and persisted for five succeeding days across all groups, except for the negative control group. Oocysts shedding was estimated daily from 1st till 20 days post treatment. Hematological and blood biochemical analysis, immunoglobulins levels as well as histopathological studies were performed. 
 
Result: It was detected that NTZ-CNC group had the lowest Cryptosporidium oocysts shedding. Also, these treatments induced significant improvements in hematological, blood biochemical, immunoglobulins levels including immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M with best improvements recorded in NTZ-CNC treated groups. A remarkable amelioration of the intestinal histopathological lesions was observed, especially in NTZ-CNC treated group. In conclusion, this study reported that CNC could significantly enhance the therapeutic effects of NTZ, making it a promising treatment for cryptosporidiosis due to its potent anti-parasitic and anti-inflammatory capabilities.

Cellulose Nanocrystals as a Drug Delivery System to Improve the Efficiency of Nitazoxanide against Cryptosporidium parvum Infected Mice