<div>The objective of present study was to select the best pre-anesthetic to be used in combination with propofol for neutering dogs. A prospective randomized study was conducted on 18 clinical cases of mongrel dogs admitted for neutering were subjected in to three groups (n=6). In group A (xylazine @ 2.2 mg/kg), group B (diazepam@ 0.25 mg/kg) and group C (medetomidine @ 40 &micro;g/kg body weight), were injected intramuscular as preanesthetics. After 3-5 minutes of pre-anesthetic, the propofol injection @ 6 mg/kg of body weight was administered intravenous as anesthetic drug in all three groups. Analgesia was tested by the presence or absence of following reflexes - tail pricking, toes pinch, pedal reflex and patellar reflex. Rapid onset (9.13 &plusmn; 1.41 minutes) and long duration (59.67&plusmn; 5.50 minutes) of analgesia was observed in group C compared other groups (onset 13.661&plusmn;1.72 A, 20.16 &plusmn; 1.75 B minutes) and duration of analgesia (48.56 &plusmn; 4.61 A and 40.66&plusmn; 5.46 B minutes). CBC, ALT, AST, ALP and blood urea nitrogen values were non-significantly (P&ge;0.5) same within and between all three groups.&nbsp;There was significant (P&ge;0.5) increase in ALT, AST, ALP, BUN and serum creatinine in group B at 24 hours interval. The results of our study showed that there was non significant decrease (P&ge;0.5) in Hb and total erythrocytes count while non-significant increase (P&ge;0.5) in total leukocyte count was noted in all three groups. &nbsp;The results showed that Medetomidine HCl in combination with propofol produce, rapid onset, and long duration of analgesia, with rapid and smooth recovery and no effects on haematological parameters of dogs.&nbsp;</div>


<div>Clinico-biochemical study on different pre-anesthetic drugs combined with propofol for neutering dogs</div>


<div><strong>Background:</strong> As cats undergo stress at the time of presentation before surgery and therefore sedation is required often. It is very difficult to choose a balanced anaesthetic protocol during the surgical intervention in the case of a cat. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of ketamine hydrochloride in combination with midazolam, dexmedetomidine and butorphanol as balanced anaesthesia on clinico-physiological, haematological, serum biochemical profile in the surgical management of cats undergoing neutering.<br />
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<strong>Methods: </strong>The study was performed on 18 clinical cases of cats which were brought to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (CVSc and AH), Central Agricultural University (CAU), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram for elective surgery such as neutering. Cats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups, <em>i.e</em>. Gr. A, Gr. B and Gr. C. Animals were premedicated with glycopyrrolate @ 0.01 mg/kg, i/m. After 10 minutes of premedication, in Gr. A ketamine hydrochloride @15 mg/kg and midazolam @ 0.5 mg/kg, in Gr. B ketamine hydrochloride @10 mg/ kg and dexmedetomidine@ 5 mcg /kg and in Gr. C ketamine hydrochloride @ 5 mg/kg, dexmedetomidine@ 5 mcg/kg and butorphanol @ 0.2 mg/kg was administered intramuscularly. Clinico-physiological and haemato-biochemical profiles were evaluated at 0 minute (baseline), then at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after administration of anaesthetic agents to evaluate their anaesthetic effect.&nbsp;<br />
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<strong>Result: </strong>In the case of time for induction, the quality of induction, assessment of peri-operative analgesia, depth of anaesthesia and quality of recovery there was no significant difference among all three groups. In Gr. B, animals showed significantly higher duration of recumbency (DOE) and recovery. The assessment of peri-operative analgesic effect among the groups revealed that analgesia during the perioperative period appeared best in Gr. C protocol. In regards to depth of anaesthesia, ketamine hydrochloride in combination with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol group showed a better result. Rectal temperature decreased significantly (P&gt;0.05) up to 60<sup>th</sup> minutes in Gr. A, but it remained within the physiological range. Heart rate raised significantly (p&lt;0.05) from the baseline (0 minutes) onwards and decreased significantly (p&lt;0.05) till the end (60 minutes) of the study in Gr. C. The respiration rate was significantly (p&lt;0.01) different in between time intervals for all three groups. No significant difference was observed on haemato-biochemical observation except glucose level which significantly increased after induction of anaesthesia. In conclusion, treatment with ketamine hydrochloride in combination with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol led to acceptable sedation and mild changes in clinico-physiological, haematological, serum biochemical profile in comparison to the other two groups.</div>


Clinico-biochemical study on different pre-anesthetic drugs combined with propofol for neutering dogs

Evaluation of Ketamine Hydrochloride in Combination with Midazolam, Dexmedetomidine and Butorphanol as Balanced Anaesthesia in Cats