<div>Background: Presently, our understanding of the rumen of Gayals is still very shallow, which is recognized as the most effective and developed fiber degradation system in nature, with abundant microorganisms. Molecular biology technology is an effective means to study the microbial resources in the rumen.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: Rumen contents of 3 Gayals (Gayals, Bos frontalis; G) and 3 Yellow Cattle (Yunnan Yellow Cattle, Bos taurus; Y) were collected in this study. Rumen microbial proteins were extracted by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), then to analyze the bioinformatics of protein abundance was performed through the bovine rumen transcriptome database (gene.uniGeneset.fasta).&nbsp; 
 
Result: The results were as follows: the differences in protein abundance of Gayals rumen bacteria in Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Ruminococcus and Olsenella were significantly higher than Yellow cattle (P&lt;0.05) and the difference in protein abundance of Chytridiomycota and Batrachochytrium in rumen fungus of Gayals was significantly less than that of Yellow cattle. Enrichment analysis by KEGG metabolism pathway of differentially expressed proteins in rumen microorganisms was performed, Gayals have higher abundance of &beta;-glucosidase and 6-phosphate-&beta;-glucosidase than Yellow Cattle.</div>

Analysis of Rumen Microbial Protein Abundance of Gayals based on Metaproteomics

The soil microorganism promotes soil fertility, plant productivity and ecosystem services. Recent molecular research suggests that the soil microorganism has been significantly underestimated. In addition to metagenomic analyses. Metatranscriptomic and Metaproteomics studies targeting the functional part of the microbiome are becoming more common and microorganism functional role and plant-microbe interactions require better understanding. These are crucial for understanding the microbiome&rsquo;s functional role and for figuring out how microbes and plants interact. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) are helpful bacteria that colonize the roots of plants to stimulate plant&nbsp;growth. They benefit plants in several ways, including enhancing nutrient synthesis and uptake, as well as preventing disease. Understanding plant-microbe interactions in natural and agroecosystems can improve soil fertility and high-yield food production.

Analysis of Rumen Microbial Protein Abundance of Gayals based on Metaproteomics

Beneficial Soil Microorganisms: Role in Plant Growth and Soil Fertility: A Review