Background: Malaria can infect erythrocytes and hence cause different pathogenesis episodes leading to death mostly in pregnant women and children under the age of 5 years. The selective pressure of these parasites leads to the production of new human genetic diseases. The most prevalent genetic alterations in the human genome are thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies (Hb E, Hb S), which are recognized throughout the world, including Saudi Arabia.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: From May 2018 to August 2019, 13972 Saudi citizens from King Fahd Central Hospital and premarital facilities in the Saudi Arabian province of Jazan participated in this study. This study aims to compare the prevalence of Hb E and other hemoglobinopathies in positive versus negative cases of malaria. So, CBC, malaria test, Hb-electrophoresis, and molecular study were investigated.&nbsp; 
 
Result: For thalassemias and Hb disorders, 36% with abnormal Hb (47% of them) carried Hb S in their blood, 37% with &alpha;-thalassemia, 11% for &beta;-thalassemia and 4% of Hb E. Significant variations in CBC parameters were observed in Hb E patients. There was significant decrease in MCV, MCH and MCHC and slightly increase in WBCs, RBCs, RDW and PLT as compared to controls.

Hemoglobin E Prevalence among People Residing in Malaria Areas

Pigeons from two different flocks were presented to Teaching Veterinary Hospital of Institute, Ludhiana with the history of dullness, depression, decreased feed intake, twisting of neck, incordination, difficulty in maintaining balance and death. Physical examination of the affected birds revealed weakness, ruffled feather, lameness, dyspnea, lethargy and poor growth. Blood smear examination revealed presence of pigmented intraerythrocytic halter shaped gametocytes of Hemoproteus columbae. The birds were treated with Chloroquine and multivitamin. After 5 days of treatment mortality was stopped in the birds and remaining birds regain their appetite and became alert and active. During a follow up period of one month no recurrence of disease and any further mortality were observed in the pigeon flocks.

Successful therapeutic management of pigeon (Columba livia domestica)&nbsp;malaria with Chloroquine&nbsp;

<div style="text-align:justify">We have investigated the effect of malaria infection on the urine biochemistry and the renal and hepatic levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in female BWF1 lupus mice. A total of 30 female BWF1 lupus mice were divided into three groups as follows: group (I) control group; group (II) lupus mice infected with live Plasmodium. chabaudi; group (III) lupus mice infected with irradiated P. chabaudi. Mice were killed at day 14 post-infection and plasma samples were collected. live P. chabaudi infection was associated with decreased level of glucose in urine (glucosuria), increased urinary level of both ketones (ketonuria) and blood (hematuria). Additionally, live P. chabaudi infection was associated with increased level of TAC in the renal tissue with decreased level of TAC in the hepatic tissue of infected mice. In conclusion, P. chabaudi infection has a direct effect on the urine biochemistry and the renal and hepatic levels of TAC in BWF1 mice.</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">Increased total antioxidant capacity in renal tissue of female BWF1 mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi</div>

Hemoglobin E Prevalence among People Residing in Malaria Areas

Successful therapeutic management of pigeon (Columba livia domestica) malaria with Chloroquine

Increased total antioxidant capacity in renal tissue of female BWF1 mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi