Background: Physiological and biochemical characteristics have been shown to effect on body health and functions. 
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Methods: Camel farm in Riyadh area bred Majaheem and Waddah breeds under extensive management system were followed for physiological and biochemical characteristics. Number of insemination per pregnancy, rectal temperature, pulse rate and SPO2 were monitored. In addition, blood samples were collected for hematology and plasma biochemistry profiles. 
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Result: The results indicated that number of insemination per pregnancy were significantly lower in Waddah she-camels if compared to Majaheem ones. In addition, rectal temperature (&deg;C) was increased (P&lt;0.01) in Majaheem she-camel group. Furthermore, pulse rate was higher (P&lt;0.05) of Majaheem she-camel group whereas SPO2 values were not differed between groups. The Majaheem group had significantly lower (P&lt;0.0001) RBCs counts compared to Waddah group. Similarly, the Majaheem group had a lower PCV (24.0%) compared to Waddah group (29.80%). In addition, the Majaheem group also had lower hemoglobin levels (11.0 g/dl) compared to Waddah group (12.0 g/dl). The Majaheem group had lower (P&lt;0.0001) WBCs count and their types compared to Waddah group. The Majaheem group had significantly lower values in all of plasma biochemical profiles if compared to Waddah group. It could be concluded that physiological, hematological and plasma profiles might be differed due to camel breeds and grazing system conditions.

Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Majaheem and Waddah Camel Breeds under Extensive Management System

<div>We detected genetic variations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of tyrosinase gene (Tyr) among seven camel populations in Saudi Arabia. Exon 1 of TYR was amplified from 166 DNA samples representing six indigenous camel populations and one exotic population (Alsumalia) that yielded a 474-bp fragment. Two SNPs (T/C) were detected at coding positions 200 and 523 bp. Significant differences in genotypic frequencies were observed at coding position 200. Three different genotypes (CC, TT, CT) were detected at position 200 in each studied population, except Alsumalia, which only had CT. At position 523, the CC genotype was detected in Majaheem and TT was detected in the other populations. The C allele dominated over T allele suggesting that coat color might be associated with it. The populations Majaheem, Maghateer, Hamra, Sofr, and Sawahli had higher C allele frequency than Shaul and the exotic Alsumalia. The cluster analysis of genotypic frequencies at positions 200 and 523 indicated that Majaheem was not closely related to other Saudi populations. The detection of polymorphism at position 523 in Majaheem and in wild Bactrian camel led us to conclude that wild Bactrian camel could be the immediate ancestor of Majaheem populations and other Saudi Arabian populations, as well.</div>

Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Majaheem and Waddah Camel Breeds under Extensive Management System

Molecular characterization of tyrosinase gene (exon 1) in camels of Saudi Arabia