Background: Physiological and biochemical characteristics have been shown to effect on body health and functions. 
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Methods: Camel farm in Riyadh area bred Majaheem and Waddah breeds under extensive management system were followed for physiological and biochemical characteristics. Number of insemination per pregnancy, rectal temperature, pulse rate and SPO2 were monitored. In addition, blood samples were collected for hematology and plasma biochemistry profiles. 
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Result: The results indicated that number of insemination per pregnancy were significantly lower in Waddah she-camels if compared to Majaheem ones. In addition, rectal temperature (&deg;C) was increased (P&lt;0.01) in Majaheem she-camel group. Furthermore, pulse rate was higher (P&lt;0.05) of Majaheem she-camel group whereas SPO2 values were not differed between groups. The Majaheem group had significantly lower (P&lt;0.0001) RBCs counts compared to Waddah group. Similarly, the Majaheem group had a lower PCV (24.0%) compared to Waddah group (29.80%). In addition, the Majaheem group also had lower hemoglobin levels (11.0 g/dl) compared to Waddah group (12.0 g/dl). The Majaheem group had lower (P&lt;0.0001) WBCs count and their types compared to Waddah group. The Majaheem group had significantly lower values in all of plasma biochemical profiles if compared to Waddah group. It could be concluded that physiological, hematological and plasma profiles might be differed due to camel breeds and grazing system conditions.

Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Majaheem and Waddah Camel Breeds under Extensive Management System

Background: Milk production, physiological and biochemical traits have been shown to be highly influenced by the environment and management systems of different mammalian species. 
 
Methods: At a camel farm in the Al-Ahsa region, Majaheem and Sofor camels were monitored for the productive, physiological and biochemical traits. These camels were bred using an extensive management system, which typically involves free-ranging with minimal human intervention. Twenty she-camels of Majaheem and Sofor were monitored for recording lactation period, milk production and composition, reproductive efficiency and physiological indicators (rectal temperature, pulse rate and SPO2). In addition, blood samples were collected for determination of health profiles (hematological and biochemical traits). 
 
Result: The results indicated that Majaheem breed had higher lactation period, milk production in addition to higher fat, protein, lactose and mineral (%) as compared to Sofor breed. Sofor she-camels needed fewer inseminations to get pregnant compared to Majaheem she-camels. The Majaheem she-camels had significantly lower (P&lt;0.05) RBCs, PCV, Hb and WBCs compared to Sofor she-camels. In addition, the Majaheem she-camels had significantly lower values in all of plasma biochemical profiles when compared to Sofor she-camels. In conclusion, productive, reproductive and health profile characters might be different due to breed variation and/or milk production.

Potential Milk Production and Blood Characteristics of Majaheem and Sofor Camels Reared under Extensive Management System

<div>We detected genetic variations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of tyrosinase gene (Tyr) among seven camel populations in Saudi Arabia. Exon 1 of TYR was amplified from 166 DNA samples representing six indigenous camel populations and one exotic population (Alsumalia) that yielded a 474-bp fragment. Two SNPs (T/C) were detected at coding positions 200 and 523 bp. Significant differences in genotypic frequencies were observed at coding position 200. Three different genotypes (CC, TT, CT) were detected at position 200 in each studied population, except Alsumalia, which only had CT. At position 523, the CC genotype was detected in Majaheem and TT was detected in the other populations. The C allele dominated over T allele suggesting that coat color might be associated with it. The populations Majaheem, Maghateer, Hamra, Sofr, and Sawahli had higher C allele frequency than Shaul and the exotic Alsumalia. The cluster analysis of genotypic frequencies at positions 200 and 523 indicated that Majaheem was not closely related to other Saudi populations. The detection of polymorphism at position 523 in Majaheem and in wild Bactrian camel led us to conclude that wild Bactrian camel could be the immediate ancestor of Majaheem populations and other Saudi Arabian populations, as well.</div>

Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Majaheem and Waddah Camel Breeds under Extensive Management System

Potential Milk Production and Blood Characteristics of Majaheem and Sofor Camels Reared under Extensive Management System

Molecular characterization of tyrosinase gene (exon 1) in camels of Saudi Arabia