<div style="text-align:justify"><strong>Background: </strong>Having a population growing at an annual average rate of 1.2 per cent and more than half of its total size depend on primary sector for their livelihood, agricultural sector occupy significant role in the economy of India. The extent of area, production and productivity of food grains and their instability therefore attracts special attention.&nbsp;The present study thus analyses the performance of agricultural sector in India in terms of trend in growth and instability of area, production and productivity of food grain during the three decades of liberalisation. The specific objectives are (i) to examine the growth rate and instability in area, production and yield of food grains in India and (ii) to explain the decomposing changes in the variability of food grains production in India.&nbsp;<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> In this field-laboratory investigation during 1990-91 to 2018-19, official secondary data has been utilized. Statistical tools like Least Square Growth Rate, Coefficient of Variation of area, production, and yield etc. have been applied for analysis.<br /><strong>Result: </strong>The study highlighted that area under food grain cultivation remained almost stagnant. However, the overall food grain production registered growth rate of 2 per cent while the production instability was 15.88 per cent. &nbsp;The trend lines fitted to the production of &nbsp;foodgrains shows positive growth rate. The co-efficient of determination (R2) shows 87 percent for production and 92 percent for productivity which determines scope for further production for India. But in area it shows just 3.9 per cent. &nbsp;The result of the study shows that the production of food grains has increased with due instability during given the time period. It also calls for adopting alternate production technologies which will further improve the productivity of food grains to meet increasing demand from the growing population.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Growth and Instability Analysis of India&rsquo;s Food Grain Sector in the Post Liberalisation Period</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">The sources of growth has direct connotation with agricultural development policies. Growth from area expansion and price is unsustainable,where as if it comes from yield enhancement is sustainable over a long run. This paper has analysed the patterns and sources of growth to groundnut production in India from 1985-86 to 2014-15. Increase in value of groundnut produce was measured during 1985-86 and 94-95 as result of technology mission on oilseeds launched during mid-80s. Decrease in VOP during 1995-96 and 2004-05 may be because of adverse effect of trade liberalisation in this period. Restoration took place in last ten years from 2005-06 to 2014-15,where groundnut VOP increased in the country and all the major states except Maharashtra. The largest source of the growth to Indian groundnut in study period was yield followed by price (7.53%) and area effect (0.97%). Yield contributed fifteen per cent of total growth in the country and to the maximum of 55 per cent in Tamil Nadu. Diversification effect was measured negative at the country as well as at major states in post-WTO periods indicated the drifting away of groundnut acreage to the other crops, is needed to be taken care by appropriate policy measures at central and state levels.</div>

Growth and Instability Analysis of India’s Food Grain Sector in the Post Liberalisation Period

Sources of growth to Indian groundnut: A state-wise decomposition analysis