<div style="text-align: justify;">Kunapajala is a fermented liquid organic manure mentioned in Vrikshayurvedha and now a days popular among farmers. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the soil and foliar efficacy of 2% and 5% herbal and non- herbal Kunapajala on plant growth by using bhindi. Kunapajala treatment was compared with inorganic fertilizers, Panchagavya and fish amino acid. Foliar application of 5% non-herbal Kunapajala recorded the highest growth and yield attributes such as plant height (124.4 cm), number of branches (3.73), leaf area index (1.42) , dry matter production (3845.51 kg ha-1, number of fruits per plant (25.5), length of fruits (15.24 cm), girth of fruits (7.22 cm), average fruit weight (20.8 g) &nbsp;and yield (20.78 t ha-1) . &nbsp;</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Effect of Organic Liquid Manure of <em>Kunapajala </em>on Growth and Yield of Bhindi [<em>Abelmoschus esculentus</em> (L.) Moench.]</div>

<div>Considering the major setback in agricultural productivity received due to unscientific and excessive practice of intensive farming with injudicious use of chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides <em>etc</em>.) as well as environmental hazards, there is a need for at least a partial paradigm shift towards eco-friendly organic approach. Practicing organic agriculture with various organic inputs like <em>Kunapajala </em>can provide soil health management as well as plant protection against pest and diseases, which finally reflects an increase in agricultural productivity. Although this traditional ITK formulation have been modified over the years according to the raw material availability across the location, it is rich in beneficial micro-organisms, growth promoting hormones, enzymes, vitamins, bio-pesticidal compounds which play key roles in crop growth and development when this organic liquid is applied alone or in combination with other organic/inorganic nutrient sources. However, research works on <em>Kunapajala</em> to standardize the dose, time and method of application, quantity of raw materials used for preparation, nutritional properties and response of crop to its application are very limited which further urges for scientific testing through multi-locational, multi-crop research trial and laboratory analysis of the quality of this liquid organic formulation. Afterwards, it requires transfusion to farming community through strong extension works to achieve sustainability in agricultural production.</div>


Effect of Organic Liquid Manure of Kunapajala on Growth and Yield of Bhindi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.]

Kunapajala: A Traditional Organic Formulation for Improving Agricultural Productivity: A Review